【科技】这个想法非常简单，首次试验就将货船排放量减少了17.3%

【来源龙腾网】

正文原创翻译：

题图。

Shipping is an extremely efficient way to move bulk goods around the planet, but it's responsible for around 3% of global man-made carbon emissions, and the unique energy requirements of long-haul cargo ships make them extremely difficult to decarbonize.

航运是在地球上运输大宗货物的一种极为高效的方式，但它却要为全球约3%的人为碳排放负责，而且长途货轮独特的能源需求使其极难去碳化。

There are all manner of technological solutions in the pipeline: hydrogen, green ammonia and methanol powerplants, flettner rotors, heaving oscillators... There's even been a return to giant sail-wings, as well as giant autonomous kites designed to pull ships along and save fuel.

各种技术解决方案都在酝酿之中：氢能、绿氨和甲醇动力装置、弗莱特纳转子、起伏振荡器……巨型帆翼和巨型自动风筝帆也在不断出现，它们可以拉动船只前进，节省燃料。

But that's what makes the Blue Visby Solution so fascinating; you don't have to alter the ships at all. You just pilot them differently.

但“蓝色维斯比方案”的迷人之处在于，你根本不需要改装船只。你只需以不同的方式驱使它们。

Currently, according to the Blue Visby team, most cargo ships follow an operational practice known as "sail fast, then wait" (SFTW). That is, they go as quickly as they can from port A to port B, regardless of what the schedule's looking like at their destination. When they get there, they sit still and wait at idle, continuing to burn fuel, until it's time for them to dock and load/unload their cargo.

据蓝色维斯比团队介绍，目前，大多数货轮都遵循一种被称为“快速航行，然后等待”（SFTW）的操作方法。也就是说，不管目的地的船期如何，货轮都会以最快的速度从A港驶往B港。到达目的地后，它们就静静地等待，继续燃烧燃料，一直等到靠岸和装卸货物的时间。

插图：据估计，货船有8%的时间停泊在港口外，因为它们到达港口的速度太快。

The Blue Visby Solution requires considerable connectivity, co-ordination and participation, from lots of different stakeholders, on a global scale – but where the rubber meets the road, it's incredibly simple. It simply tells the ships to slow down, so they arrive at port right on time.

蓝色维斯比解决方案需要在全球范围内与许多不同的利益相关者进行大量的联系、协调和参与--但在具体实践方面，它却简单得令人难以置信。它只需告诉船只放慢速度，让它们准时到达港口。

Pushing all that bulk through the water at a slower speed cuts down hugely on hydrodynamic drag, so the engines burn considerably less fuel, with a corresponding drop in emissions. And the cargo delivery speed is totally unaffected; the ships still load and unload at exactly the same times.

以较低的速度推动所有散装货物通过水面，可以大大减少水的阻力，因此发动机燃烧的燃料也会大大减少，排放也相应降低。而货物的运送速度则完全不受影响；船舶装卸货的时间仍然完全相同。

插图：解决方案非常简单：减速，及时到达目的地，而不是燃烧额外的燃料加速，然后停泊。

How much of an efficiency gain are we talking here? The Blue Visby team studied the movements of 3,651 Panamax vessels taking 20,580 trips in 2022, and estimated these timing tweaks could cut emissions by a median rate of 23.2% without affecting customer outcomes.

我们所说的效率提高有多大？蓝色维斯比团队研究了3651艘巴拿马型船舶在2022年的20580次航行，估计这些航行的时间调整可以在不影响客户结果的情况下将排放量减少23.2%。

Others have run the numbers on broader samples; Ship Nerd News reports on a study from Blue Visby Consortium member NAPA, which looked at 150,000 voyages from 13,000 cargo ships in 2019. The study found that 87% of voyages could reduce their speed, by an average of just 1 knot, and meet all their deadlines while reducing emissions by 16%. Not as much as the Panamax study, but it would still be a colossal contribution.

其他研究人员对更广泛的样本进行了计算；《船舶迷新闻》报道了蓝色维斯比联盟成员，芬兰海事软件公司纳帕的一项研究，该研究调查了2019年13000艘货船的150000次航行。研究发现，87%的航程可以降低航速，平均仅降低1节，并在减少16%排放量的同时满足所有期限的要求。虽然不如巴拿马型货轮的研究结果，但这仍将是一个巨大的贡献。

Now, the first sea trials are complete. Two bulk carriers, the M/V Gerdt Oldendorff and the M/V Begonia, deployed "all components of the Blue Visby Solution" including software, technical and operational systems, on voyages to Australia. The former recorded an estimated CO2 reduction of 28.2% against its standard SFTW speeds. The latter managed 12.9%, for an average of 17.3%.

现在，首次海上试验已经完成。两艘散货船--M/V Gerdt Oldendorff号和M/V Begonia号在前往澳大利亚的航程中部署了“蓝色维斯比解决方案的所有组件”，包括软件、技术和操作系统。与标准SFTW速度相比，前者的二氧化碳排放量估计减少了28.2%。后者减少了12.9%，平均减少17.3%。

That's a considerably larger affect than you'd get out of some of these huge sail systems, without modifying the ship at all. And from a scheduling tweak!

在不对船舶进行任何改动的情况下，这比使用某些大型风帆系统所产生的影响要大得多。而这一切都源于调度上的调整！

These initial results are incredibly promising, but eliminating SFTW thinking from the global shipping trade is no small task; according to Marine Log it's a practice that dates back to the age of sail. It's embedded in hard-fought, long-term contracts between shipping companies, customers, ports, dockworkers and all the many dependent services that plug into global logistics, sometimes with incentives.

这些初步结果令人难以置信，但要在全球航运业中消除SFTW思维并非易事；据《航海日志》称，这种做法可以追溯到风帆时代。它根植于航运公司、客户、港口、码头工人和所有与全球物流息息相关的服务部门之间艰苦奋斗的长期合同中，有时还有激励措施。

And herein lies another nugget of Blue Visby genius; the consortium has created a contractual architecture built around a multilateral benefit-sharing mechanism that allows ship owners, charterers and cargo interests to share the costs (such as costs related to a longer ocean passage), and also the benefits (like fuel savings and any financial value attached to emissions reduction). It's an attempt to make the system a win-win-win situation, and to incentivize participation by all parties. The first sea trial also ran a test on this benefit-sharing system.

“蓝色维斯比”的另一个天才之处就在于此；该联盟围绕多边利益共享机制创建了一个合同架构，允许船东、承租人和货主共享成本（如与更长的远洋航程相关的成本）和利益（如节省燃料和减排所带来的任何经济价值）。这是使该系统实现三赢局面的一种尝试，也是对参与者各方的一种激励。首次海试也对这一利益共享系统进行了测试。

插图：蓝色维斯比系统激励所有相关方参与，包括船东、运营商、港口和客户。

Apart from reducing fuel burn and emissions, saving money and staying on time, there are other benefits; avoiding extended waiting periods at anchor reduces hull fouling, further improving efficiency over time. It improves the air quality outside ports, and the speed reduction at sea reduces underwater noise pollution as well as the risk of whale strike.

除了减少燃料消耗和废气排放、节省开支和准时到港外，还有其他好处：避免长时间锚泊等待，减少船体污垢，随着时间的推移进一步提高效率。它改善了港口外的空气质量，海上减速减少了水下噪音污染和鲸鱼撞击的风险。

It certainly looks like a head-slappingly obvious win for most parties involved, as well as for the planet. And it's a solution whose benefits will continue to accrue as other decarbonization technologies take hold; green fuels will likely be more expensive, and range will be an issue, so sailing slower will save more money and open up additional useful range as and when clean cargo shipping gets up and running.

对于大多数相关方以及地球来说，这无疑是一个令人拍手叫好的明显的赢家。随着其他去碳化技术的发展，这一解决方案的益处也将不断累积；绿色燃料可能会更加昂贵，续航能力也将成为一个问题，因此，当清洁货运开始运行时，慢速航行将节省更多资金，并开辟出更多有用的航程。

“Decarbonization is unattainable without energy efficiency, and energy efficiency is impossible if ships continue to Sail Fast Then Wait," state Blue Visby Consortium co-ordinators Haris Zografakis and Pekka Pakkanen in a press release. "The CBH Prototype Trials demonstrate that the Blue Visby Solution will be a central element of any successful decarbonization strategy for all maritime stakeholders: shipowners, charterers, traders, cargo interests, terminals and ports.”

蓝色维斯比联盟协调人哈里斯-佐格拉菲基斯和佩卡-帕卡宁在一份新闻稿中指出：“如果不提高能源效率，就无法实现去碳化，而如果船舶继续‘快速航行，然后等待’，就不可能提高能源效率。”CBH集团的原型试验表明，蓝色维斯比解决方案将成为所有海运利益相关者（船东、租船人、贸易商、货物利益相关者、码头和港口）成功的去碳化战略的核心要素。

"We are very excited to see the results of the first Prototype Trials, conducted with invaluable support from Consortium member, CBH Group," says CEO Christian Wounlund. "All components of the Blue Visby Solution were tested: contracts, software, operations, and the benefit sharing mechanism. While both the Virtual Pilot Program and the Prototype Trials will continue in the coming months, we are on track for commercial deployment this year."

首席执行官克里斯蒂安-沃伦德说：“我们非常高兴地看到在联盟成员CBH集团的宝贵支持下进行的首次原型试验的结果。蓝色维斯比解决方案的所有组成部分都经过了测试：合同、软件、运营和利益共享机制。虚拟试点计划和原型试验将在未来几个月内继续进行，我们将在今年实现商业部署。”