日本网友问：韩国人更加偏爱中国还是日本？

日本和韩国是咱们亚洲两大邻国，这两个国家多年来，和中国的关系时好时坏，特别是日本，今年是中日邦交
50
周年，但恰恰在这个时候，日本的新政府上台以后紧抱美国大腿。包括韩国的新政府，都是以美日，美韩安全同盟作为发展双边关系的根基，这样一来，日韩两国就成了美国在印太地区实施印太战略的棋子，这导致三国关系既重要又复杂。在美版知乎Quora上，韩国网友提问道：韩国人更加偏爱中国还是日本？这引起各国网友的关注和热议，我们看看他们的观点。

韩国英文教师本杰明•莱斯曼的回答：

We have quite complicated views on the two neighboring countries closest to South Korea.

我们对离韩国最近的这两个邻国有着相当复杂的看法。

The
written history of North Korea began 1000 years ago, describing the
splendid civilization established by the ancient nations on this land.
Due to proximity, interaction with China and Japan is inevitably
frequent.

朝鲜的书面历史始于一千年前，描述了这片土地上古老民族建立的灿烂文明。由于邻近，与中国和日本的互动不可避免地频繁。

Since many people have explained their relations with China or Japan, I just want to focus on answering your questions.

由于许多人已经解释过了与中国或日本的关系，我只想重点回答你的问题。

<中国>

In
the traditional etiquette norms of the Korean Dynasty, China was the
suzerain of Korea. If you look at the history of wars between the
dynasties established in China and the countries established on the
Korean Peninsula, the context of relations between the two countries
will be clearer. In addition to the invasion of Gaogouli by Emperor
Taizong of the Tang Dynasty in 645 AD, the invasion of the Mongol Yuan
Dynasty during the Gaoli Dynasty in 1231-1259 AD, and the Manchu Qing
Dynasty's invasion of Korea in 1636 AD. For thousands of years, the
interaction between the dynasties in the territory of North Korea and
China is basically peaceful.

在朝鲜王朝的传统礼仪规范中，中国是朝鲜的宗主国。如果你看看在中国建立的王朝和在朝鲜半岛建立的国家之间的战争史，两国的关系脉络会更加清晰。除了公元645年唐太宗的入侵高句丽、1231-1259年高丽王朝时期蒙元王朝的入侵，以及1636年清朝对朝鲜半岛的入侵。数千年来朝鲜和中国领土上的王朝之间的互动，你可以说这基本上是和平的。

However,
in the 40 years after the Korean War, China has been relatively
estranged from South Korea. Because of our long-standing opposition to
North Korea, China has become a forbidden area for South Koreans. In the
last century, due to the Cold War between the United States and the
Soviet Union, China has been demonized by the European, American and
Korean governments for a long time. I was educated in school and was
indoctrinated that all Chinese are evil, which is absurd.

但是，在朝鲜战争后的40年里中国一直与韩国相对疏远。由于我们与朝鲜的长期对立，中国成为了韩国人的禁区。上个世纪，由于美苏冷战，中国长期被欧美和韩国政府妖魔化，我在学校里接受教育并被灌输认为所有中国人都是邪恶的，这太荒唐了。

When
China and South Korea established formal diplomatic relations in 1992,
South Korea was developing, while China was just beginning to become the
world factory. From the late 1990s to around 2010, South Korea
benefited a lot from having the largest population market in the world.
During that period, China, as a neighboring country, had close economic
and trade exchanges with China. Our economy grew significantly and our
relations progressed smoothly. For many Korean companies, China is a
huge market - cosmetics, electronic products, food, fashion, K-Drama,
K-Movie, K-entertainment. In all aspects, China has provided us with
cheaper labor and purchased a large number of Korean products. However,
before and after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the situation has
changed.

当中韩两国在1992年通过建立正式外交关系时，韩国正在发展，而中国刚刚开始成为世界工厂。在20世纪90年代末至2010年左右，韩国因为拥有世界上最大的人口市场而受益匪浅。在那个时期，中国作为邻国，两国经贸来往密切，我们的经济大幅增长，关系进展顺利。对许多韩国公司来说，中国是一个巨大的市场——化妆品、电子产品、食品、时尚、K-Drama、K-Movie、K-entertainment。在各个方面，中国为我们提供了更便宜的劳动力，也购买了大量的韩国产品。然而，2008年北京奥运会前后，情况发生了变化。

China
has emerged as the engine of the world economy and demonstrated its
economic success to the world through the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
From the 1990s to the 2010s, everything they learned as a world factory
made them operate independently. Relations between South Korea and China
have also stalled. Especially because of the poor political management
of President Park Geun hye, South Korea failed to mediate the complex
relationship between the United States and China, and China closed their
market in response to our allowing the United States to deploy Thad in
South Korea.

中国已经崛起为世界经济的引擎，并通过2008年北京奥运会向世界展示了经济上的成功。从上世纪90年代到2010年代，他们作为世界工厂所学到的一切，让他们开始独立经营。韩国和中国的关系也陷入停滞。特别是由于朴槿惠总统的政治管理不善，韩国未能调解美中之间复杂的关系，中国关闭了他们的市场，作为对我们允许美国在韩国部署萨德的回应。

Therefore,
like many aspects of South Korea, although the relationship between
South Korea and China has been quite active in the past 30 years, there
have been many contradictions in the relationship between its people.

因此，就像韩国的许多方面一样，过去30年中，韩国与中国的关系虽然相当活跃，但其人民之间的关系却存在诸多矛盾。

In
the early 2000s, when I was studying at school, almost all Korean
universities and colleges were busy learning Chinese and training
Chinese experts among Korean students. I learned Chinese and its modern
history with extremely difficult materials. In 2002, when I first came
to China, I bought a large number of Chinese classical books from
Chinese bookstores.

2000年代初，当我在学校学习时，几乎所有的韩国大学和学院都在忙于学习中文，并在韩国学生中培养中国问题专家。我用极难获得的材料学习了汉语及其现代史。2002年，我第一次来到中国，从中国的书店购买了大量的中国古典丛书。

But
in the 2010s, after Thad, everything stopped and all efforts to learn
China and Chinese became outdated. Koreans are bored. With the
development of the Chinese media, the Chinese people also began to burst
out of emotion towards South Korea and the Korean people.

但在2010年代，萨德之后，一切都停止了，所有学习中国和汉语的努力都变得过时了。韩国人产生厌烦情绪。随着中国媒体的发展，中国人也开始对韩国和韩国人民爆发出情绪。

China
is not the China we knew ten years ago. They became richer and began to
travel around the world. They began to acquire global enterprises. They
have invested in or acquired world famous football clubs, such as AC
Milan, Inter Milan, Atletico Madrid and Arsnar.

而中国已经不是我们十年前认识的那个中国了。他们变得更加富有，开始周游世界。他们开始收购全球企业。他们投资或收购了世界著名的足球俱乐部，如意大利的AC米兰、国际米兰、马德里竞技、阿尔斯纳尔。

In
the eyes of the Chinese, South Korea has returned to its original
position - power's younger brother. But this little brother is standing
next to another big brother he is competing for - America.

在中国人看来，韩国回到了原来的位置——大国的小弟。但这个小弟站在另一个他竞争的大哥旁边——美国。

This
is the current situation. Korea was, is and is a small country,
geographically located among the largest powers in the world in history.
Sometimes, those who have a little knowledge of our history will want
to know how we survived in the long years, maintaining our own culture,
language and history.

这是目前的情况。韩国过去、现在和现在都是一个小国，在地缘上位于历史上世界上最大的大国之间。有时，那些对我们的历史稍有了解的人会想知道，我们是如何在漫长的岁月中幸存下来的，保持着自己的文化、语言和历史。

Many
Koreans who know China look at China with concern, just as many Chinese
who know South Korea look at South Korea with concern, and hope that we
will take wise actions between the United States and China.

许多了解中国的韩国人用关切的眼光看待中国，正如许多了解韩国的中国人用关切的目光看待韩国，并希望我们在美中之间采取明智的行动。

In
the long history of South Korea, if we cannot grasp the balance between
China and the United States, we will always face difficult times.

在韩国漫长的历史中，如果我们不能把握在中美两个大国中间的平衡，我们总会面临艰难的时光。

American
businessman Ray Dalio recently published his new book, Changing the
World Order. He pointed out that this is a critical moment for all
mankind, because the rise of China is inevitable. Just as the Dutch
Empire handed over power to the British Empire, the British Empire
handed over power to the United States. Now, the world order is
changing.

美国商人雷·达利欧最近出版了他的新书《改变世界秩序》。他指出，现在是全人类的关键时刻，因为中国的崛起是不可避免的。就像荷兰帝国将权力移交给大英帝国，英帝国将权力交给美国，现在，世界秩序正在改变。

Now,
South Korea is vulnerable to the typhoon. We could be swept away at any
time. As a whole, there are many Chinese who are smart and considerate,
but there are also arrogant and reckless people. The problem is that if
1% of a country is arrogant and reckless, with the same proportion,
China will have 15 million, while South Korea will only have 500000.

现在，韩国正脆弱地站在台风的中心。我们随时可能被卷走。作为一个整体，有很多中国人是聪明和体贴的，但也有傲慢鲁莽的人。问题是，如果在一个国家有1%是傲慢和鲁莽的，同比例下，那么中国将有1500万，而韩国仅有50万。

I love Chinese culture and its achievements in human history, but I'm worried now.

我热爱中国文化及其在人类历史上的成就，但我现在很担心。

<日本>

Japan
formally occupied the Korean Peninsula for 36 years. They have done
many cruel things to South Korea and other Asian neighbors. But they
never formally apologized. Even though Fuji Murayama and other prime
ministers formally apologized, many were overthrown with the change of
those in power.

日本正式占领朝鲜半岛36年。他们对韩国和其他亚洲邻国做了很多残忍的事情。但他们从未正式道歉。即使村山富士等首相正式表达了道歉，但随着当权者的更迭，许多被推翻了。

Since
the beginning of the new millennium, Japan has made many unreasonable
and bad choices. Since the end of the 19th century, Japan has surpassed
South Korea for 100 years. But with a series of bad choices made in the
IT revolution of the new millennium, the Japanese economy began to
stagnate. Because of this, South Korea has replaced Japan in many
aspects and become a technological power. But Japan is still strong.
Although Korea has become one of the top IT products and service
providers in the world, Japan has occupied a large part of the B2B
market in these IT fields, and Samsung also relies on Japanese machines
and materials.

自新千年开始以来，日本做出了许多不合理和糟糕的选择。从19世纪末开始，日本超过韩国100年。但随着在新千年IT革命中做出的一系列糟糕选择，日本经济开始停滞。正因为如此，韩国在许多方面取代了日本，成为了技术强国。可日本仍然强大，尽管韩国成为世界上顶尖的IT产品和服务提供商之一，但日本在这些IT领域占据了B2B市场的很大一部分，三星也依赖于日本的机器和材料。

For
my generation, different from the previous generation (born in 1978)
above my age, we have no feelings about Japan except that we hate them
for never apologizing for their past mistakes and trying to erase the
memory of aggression from the minds of their younger generation. Our
younger generation has no interest in Japan. For those born in Korea
before the 1980s, we have experienced a decade dominated by Japanese
products - the 1990s. All the good things come from Japan. All progress
is Japanese. But since 2000, Koreans have used Korean products. South
Koreans play computer games in the United States and South Korea. The
Japanese are only more successful in comics, costumes, characters and
anime.

对于我这一代来说，与我这个年龄以上的前一代（1978年出生）不同，除了厌恶他们从不为过去的错误行为道歉，并试图将侵略历史记忆从他们年轻一代脑海里抹杀掉以外，我们对日本没有任何感觉。我们的年轻一代对日本毫无兴趣。对于20世纪80年代之前出生在韩国的人来说，我们经历了日本产品主导的十年——20世纪90年代。所有的好东西都来自日本。一切进步都是日本的。但从2000年开始，韩国人使用韩国产品。韩国人玩美国和韩国的电脑游戏。日本人只在漫画、服装、明星、动漫和上比较成功。

Therefore,
our young generation do not understand why Japan's performance is
superior to that of South Korea, although South Korea does not believe
that South Korea is superior to Japan. Japan is a big country with a
strong economic background and assets. Japan has many good things, and
its people are also very friendly. We like to travel in Japan.

所以，我们年轻一代不明白为什么日本的表现比韩国优越，尽管韩国并不认为韩国优于日本。日本是一个拥有强大经济背景和资产的大国。日本有很多好东西，它的人民也很友善，我们喜欢在日本旅行。

Until
the summer of 2019, the Japanese Prime Minister announced that he would
stop exporting three important materials made in Japan to South Korea,
which is crucial for Samsung and SK Hynix to produce semiconductor
semiconductors. Everyone in South Korea is wondering what the reason is?
How do exporters stop exporting? Are they idiots. Of course, it has
produced some negative effects, but not too much. Samsung and SK Hynix
are further expanding their business and have successfully replaced the
products that Japan has stopped exporting with domestically produced
materials. Japan has given Korean SMEs the opportunity to supply Samsung
and Hynix.

直到2019年夏天，日本首相宣布将停止向韩国出口日本生产的3种重要材料，这对三星和SK海力士生产半导体半导体至关重要。韩国的每个人都在想到底是什么原因？出口商如何停止出口？他们是白痴吗。当然，它产生了一些负面影响，但不是太大。三星和SK海力士正在进一步扩大业务，并成功地用国内生产的材料取代了日本停止出口的产品。日本给了韩国中小企业供应三星和海力士的机会。

Therefore,
since then, Koreans have never been to Uniqlo, and more than half of
its stores have closed. I also liked Uniqlo before, but I never went
there again. I went to a Korean store similar to Uniqlo.

因此，从那时起，韩国人就再也没有去过优衣库，超过一半的优衣库商店都关门了。之前我也喜欢优衣库，但我再也没有去过那里，我去的是类似优衣库的韩国商店。

In
the summer of 2019, we plan to take the first overseas family trip. Our
preferred destination is Japan. But after the export ban, we turned to
Beijing, China. This is even more inconvenient because we need a Chinese
visa instead of a Japanese visa. But we had a good time. Although my
16-year-old nephew said to me frankly, "Although I want to go to Japan, I
can't go!"

2019年夏天，我们计划进行第一次海外家庭旅行。我们的首选目的地是日本。但在出口禁令之后，我们将目标转向了中国北京。这更不方便，因为我们需要中国签证，而不需要日本签证。但是，我们玩得很开心。虽然我16岁的侄子对我直言道：“我虽然想去日本，但我不能去！”

As
far as I know, many people in South Korea will think as I described
above. It is not a matter of one person liking one country but not
another. I love Japan, but I hate what they do (politicians and some
people). I just participated in the national campaign against Japan in
my own name.

据我了解，韩国的很多人都会像我上面描述的那样思考。这不是一个人喜欢一个国家而不喜欢另一个国家的问题。我爱日本，但讨厌他们的所作所为（政客和一些人），我只是以个人的名义参加了抵制日本的全国运动。

I'm
sorry to have told such a long story on this simple question. Maybe I
like Yin Yang philosophy too much: everything has a bright side and a
dark side.

我很抱歉在这个简单的问题上讲了这么长的故事。也许我太喜欢阴阳哲学了：任何事物都有光明的一面和黑暗的一面。

So
I love China and Japan as well. I hope we can always have peace and
travel freely without any trouble, just like the peace between the
United States and Canada for 150 years. But to achieve this, there are
many things to be solved. Now we are in a dilemma, and no one knows when
it will end.

所以，我同样爱中国和日本。我希望我们能永远和平，自由旅行，没有任何麻烦，就像美国和加拿大150年来的和平一样。但要做到这一点，有很多事情需要解决，现在我们正处于困境，而且没人知道何时结束。

James Lansdowne评论：

The
world is changing at unprecedented speed and the situation between
South Korea, the US, China and Japan is also changing so fast from the
time I wrote above article.

世界正在以前所未有的速度变化，从很多作者撰写的文章来看，韩国、美国、中国和日本之间的局势也在迅速变化。

I hope the US and China work together to make this world better, not to destroy peace and increase tension around the world.

我希望美国和中国共同努力，让这个世界变得更好，而不是破坏和平，加剧世界各地的紧张局势。

​