“外媒论中国”第26期｜大而美的中国方案

01

特朗普的“大而美”法案如何让中国再次伟大

原标题：How Trump’s ‘Big, Beautiful Bill’ Will Make China Great Again

发布机构：纽约时报（The New York Times）

关键词：电动汽车；清洁能源

中文

《纽约时报》发表评论《特朗普的“大而美”法案如何让中国再次伟大》指出，中国正以战略性姿态，关注美国近期通过的一项清洁能源法案。在人工智能推动用电需求激增的关键时刻，共和党主导的立法却削减了对太阳能、风能和电动车等关键技术的税收优惠——而这些正是建设现代高容量电网不可或缺的能源形式。这类削减主要出于党派博弈——因为这些新能源被视为“自由派”的标志。

与此同时，中国的清洁能源生产规模稳步扩大，目前年发电量已超过一万太瓦时——几乎是2000年的三倍。反观美国，在过去25年中电力产量仅增长了13%。中国的增长现在主要来自可再生能源，而美国新法案却对电池产业增加了限制，取消了对甲烷排放的惩罚机制，并可能使本土清洁能源发展陷入停滞。

得克萨斯州的太阳能电池板阵列，该州目前已大幅提升了太阳能发电能力（图源：纽约时报）

埃隆·马斯克称该法案“疯狂且具有破坏性”，警告说它扶持的是落后产业，却打击了对未来至关重要的领域，例如电动车、储能技术和人工智能基础设施。相关预测显示，到2035年，该法案将使批发电价上涨50%，每年增加消费者160亿美元支出，并造成或阻止约83万个清洁能源岗位的产生。

总之，在美国因短视政策削弱自身地位的同时，中国正把握未来。这项法案的唯一明确受益者，是美国共和党——以及中国。

Short Summary

The article titled “How Trump’s ‘Big, Beautiful Bill’ Will Make China Great Again” published by The New York Times discussed that China is watching with strategic satisfaction as the United States passes an energy bill that undercuts its own clean energy future. At a moment when AI is driving unprecedented demand for electricity, the Republican-led legislation reduces tax credits for solar, wind, and electric vehicles—technologies essential for building a modern, high-capacity power grid. These cuts are largely political, targeting what’s perceived as “liberal” energy.

Meanwhile, China is rapidly expanding its clean energy capacity, producing over 10,000 terawatt-hours annually—nearly triple its 2000 levels. The U.S., by contrast, has increased its output by only 13% in 25 years. China’s growth now comes primarily from renewables, while the U.S. bill imposes new restrictions on batteries, eliminates penalties for methane emissions, and risks stalling domestic clean energy development.

Elon Musk called the bill “insane and destructive,” warning it props up obsolete industries while sabotaging future-critical ones like EVs, storage, and AI infrastructure. Forecasts suggest the legislation will raise wholesale power prices by 50% by 2035, cost consumers $16 billion annually, and eliminate or prevent 830,000 clean energy jobs.

In conclusion, while the U.S. weakens its position through shortsighted policy, China is seizing the future. The only clear winners from this legislation are the GOP—and the Chinese Communist Party.

02

没错，我们确实想要像中国一样

原标题：Yes, We Do Want to Be Like China

发布机构：信息技术与创新基金会（ITIF）

关键词：产业政策

中文

信息技术与创新基金会（位于华盛顿的公共政策智库）近期发文指出，随着全球科技格局以惊人的速度演进，中国所展现出的战略性创新愿景与前瞻性思维日益凸显，已不再是美国可以轻易忽视的对象。尽管华盛顿对中国式产业政策存有本能性的排斥情绪，但中国明确优先投资、聚焦关键产业、扶持本土领军企业的做法，恰恰是其能在前沿技术领域迅速崛起为世界领导者的关键所在。

中国在产业发展中注重优化布局，对关键核心技术领域给予政策支持，同时推动传统产业转型升级。将产业政策简单标签化为“补贴”是对现实的误读：在当今时代，一国的竞争力取决于产业规模、资本获取能力以及是否具备良性的工业生态体系。中国企业之所以在诸多技术领域取得领先地位，正是因为其背后有一个将产业视为国家实力基础的政府，持续提供物质与战略层面的支持。

中国工人在产业流水线上工作（图源：金融时报）

此外，声称中国仍“仅在追赶”的观点已无法准确反映现实。中国不仅在复制旧有模式，更是在构建一种系统性、前瞻性、目标明确的新型科技经济战略；与此同时，美国内部的政治分歧以及对政府干预持保留态度的传统，则仍制约着其在这一领域的战略作为。然而，理性且审慎的产业政策并不与民主制度相冲突，反而是国家意志与战略远见的体现。

若美国继续拒绝从中国的发展经验中汲取教训，其落后地位将进一步加剧，原因不在于中国的体制特性，而在于中国对经济自主、国家能力与科技自立的高度重视。借鉴中国，并不意味着复制其政治体制，而是意味着在国家竞争力面前，敢于采取全社会协同的战略路径。真正的风险不在于使用中国的工具，而在于因恐惧或傲慢而将其彻底排斥。在这个以科技和产业竞争为核心的时代，中国已然成为重要的引领者。

Short Summary

Information Technology and Innovation Foundation pointed out that the world’s technological landscape is evolving at a rapid pace, it becomes clearer by the day that China offers an enticing vision of strategic innovation and forward thinking which the United States can no longer afford to spurn. Beyond Washington's reflexive resistance to anything that reeks of Chinese industrial strategy, China's in-your-face approach, prioritizing investment, targeting specified industries, and assisting national champions, is precisely what has enabled its emergence as a world leader in leading-edge technologies at such breakneck speed. 

China makes clear cuts between strategic technology and low-value manufacturing, and it openly subsidizes the latter. The suggestion that subsidies per se are a bad thing is misplaced: a nation's competitiveness these days rests on scale, access to capital, and a healthy industrial ecosystem. Chinese firms have taken the lead because they've had the material and strategic backing of a state that sees industry as the basis of national strength. 

In addition, skeptics who argue that China is merely "catching up" are in denial about the emergence of China's innovation frontier. China isn't merely replicating models from the past – it's creating a new one, building a techno-economic policy that is systematic, ambitious, and visionary. American politicians, on the other hand, are still limited by fragmented politics and musty economic dogma that suspects all government intervention. But a judicious industrial policy doesn't conflict with democracy, the manifestation of national will and strategic vision.

If America refuses to learn from China, it will continue to lag behind, not because of China's suppression of freedom, but because of its focus on economic independence, state strength, and technology self-sufficiency. Learning from China is not copying its system of government; it is being willing to be radical to take a whole-of-nation approach to protecting competitiveness. The real risk is not copying China's instruments, but ignoring them out of fear or arrogance. In a techno-industrial era of competition, China is the trendsetter.

03

为什么美国人买不到世界上最好的电动汽车

原标题：Why Americans Can’t Buy the World’s Best Electric Car

发布机构：纽约时报（The New York Times）

关键词：电动汽车

中文

《纽约时报》发表的文章《为什么美国人买不到世界上最好的电动车》聚焦比亚迪及中美电动车市场的差异。比亚迪，这家曾一度被国际市场低估的中国车企，如今已超过特斯拉，跃居全球销量第一。预计到2030年，它将与丰田、大众这些传统汽车巨头并驾齐驱。然而，大多数美国人从未见过比亚迪的车，未来也很可能见不到，因为美国为了保护本土车企，对中国电动车征收了几乎使其价格翻倍的高额关税。

然而，关税不是解决方案，只是拖延战术。其中真正的问题在于：中国的工业战略正在远远超越美国。比亚迪的成功是长期规划、政府支持和突破性创新的结合。他们几乎所有关键零部件都自研自产——包括电池、芯片、软件，甚至运输汽车的船只。这种垂直整合带来了更低成本、更高质量控制和惊人的效率。

如今他们的汽车质量实打实地好，有些车型在中国售价不到1万美元，使用的电池技术连特斯拉和丰田都在采用。他们已推出自动驾驶、五分钟充电技术，甚至还有能漂浮和原地旋转的SUV，像是詹姆斯·邦德的道具车一样。

电动汽车生产现场（图源：法新社—Getty Images）

比亚迪进入美国市场或将使消费者获益，但可能加速本土车企的衰落。对此，美国选择筑起贸易壁垒，而中国正逐步引领全球电动车格局。当前美国汽车产业仍以大排量燃油卡车和SUV为主力——这种发展模式显然难以适应未来趋势。

文章认为，这已超越汽车产业之争，而是关乎国家安全、工业话语权，以及美国能否维持高端制造能力的根本问题。美国唯有发动一场“曼哈顿计划”级别的制造业复兴，否则将面临国际影响力持续衰退的风险，而中国正朝着未来稳步迈进。

Short Summary

The article “Why Americans Can’t Buy the World’s Best Electric Car” published by The New York Times discussed BYD and the electric vehicle market in the US and China. BYD, a Chinese electric vehicle (EV) company once seen as a joke, is now the world’s top EV seller, even ahead of Tesla. It’s expected to match the global giants — Toyota and Volkswagen — by 2030. Yet most Americans have never seen a BYD on the road, and probably won’t, because tariffs double the price of Chinese EVs to protect U.S. carmakers.

But tariffs aren’t the solution — they’re a delay tactic. The real problem: China’s industrial strategy is smoking America’s. BYD is what happens when you mix long-term planning, government support, and ruthless innovation. They make almost everything in-house — batteries, chips, software, even the ships that move their cars. That means lower costs, tighter quality control, and scary levels of efficiency.

Their cars are now legitimately good — some models cost under $10,000 in China, with battery tech so solid even Tesla and Toyota have used it. They’ve got autonomous driving, 5-minute charging, and even an SUV that can float and spin like a Bond gadget. Not kidding.

Letting BYD into the U.S. might be good for consumers, but it would probably destroy U.S. carmakers, which are lagging badly. So instead, they’re hiding behind trade walls while China dominates the global EV market. The U.S. now mostly makes big gas-guzzling trucks and SUVs — not exactly future-proof.

The piece ends with a gut punch: this isn’t just about cars. It’s about national security, industrial dominance, and whether the U.S. still knows how to build anything that matters. Either they mount a serious, government-backed push — a Manhattan Project for modern manufacturing — or they keep fading into global irrelevance while China drives off with the future.

04

中国积极推进数字人民币外交

原标题：China pushes digital yuan diplomacy amid Global South’s dollar dismay

发布机构：南华早报（South China Morning Post）

关键词：数字人民币

中文

《南华早报》发布评论文章探讨中国数字人民币（e-CNY）的发展前景。文章围绕中国推动数字人民币在全球尤其是“一带一路”国家跨境贸易中的应用展开，指出这一举措是中国重塑全球金融架构计划的一部分。在全球金融因贸易战和制裁日益碎片化的背景下，中国认为以美元为基础、由环球银行金融电信协会（Swift）支持的系统易被“武器化”，因此推动数字人民币作为替代方案，并已通过与多国央行签署协议、开展跨境实验（如国际清算银行主导的 mBridge 项目）等方式推进。

对中国而言，数字人民币是推进人民币国际化的重要工具，有助于减少对美元体系的依赖，增强中国在全球金融治理中的话语权。通过构建自主支付网络（如跨境银行间支付系统 CIPS）和数字人民币生态，中国能进一步巩固与“一带一路”国家及“全球南方”经济体的经济联系，扩大自身在国际经贸中的影响力。

在全球层面，数字人民币为发展中国家提供了更高效、低成本的跨境结算选择（如更快的结算速度、更低的手续费），同时帮助受西方制裁或美元波动影响的国家维持贸易连续性，缓解对传统金融基础设施的依赖，一定程度上促进了全球贸易的多元化和包容性。

数字人民币标识（图源：南华早报）

当然，数字人民币在推广过程中也可能面临一些挑战，比如可能会影响现有的国际金融协调机制，促使不同区域形成各自的合作框架，从而对现有的多边合作模式带来一定影响。数字人民币的长远发展需要妥善平衡各方参与主体的权益诉求，建立兼顾效率与公平的治理机制，确保各参与方都能从中受益。

对于中国而言，平衡创新与透明度及信任至关重要。但不可否认的是，数字人民币为包容性贸易带来了新机遇，为全球金融构架注入了新活力。

Short Summary

An opinion was published in South China Morning Post to discuss the development prospect of digital yuan. The article focuses on China's promotion of the digital yuan (e-CNY) in cross-border trade globally, particularly among Belt and Road countries, noting that this initiative is part of China's plan to reshape the global financial architecture. Against the backdrop of increasing fragmentation in global finance due to trade wars and sanctions, China believes that the dollar-based system supported by the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (Swift) is vulnerable to "weaponization". Therefore, it is advancing the digital yuan as an alternative, having already taken steps such as signing agreements with central banks of various countries and conducting cross-border experiments (e.g., the mBridge project led by the Bank for International Settlements).

For China, the digital yuan is an important tool to advance the internationalization of the RMB. It helps reduce reliance on the dollar system and enhances China's voice in global financial governance. By building independent payment networks (such as the Cross-border Interbank Payment System, CIPS) and a digital yuan ecosystem, China can further consolidate economic ties with Belt and Road countries and economies in the "Global South", expanding its influence in international economic and trade activities.

At the global level, it provides developing countries with a more efficient and low-cost option for cross-border settlements (e.g., faster settlement speeds and lower fees). Meanwhile, it helps countries affected by Western sanctions or dollar volatility maintain trade continuity, alleviates dependence on traditional financial infrastructure, and to a certain extent promotes the diversification and inclusiveness of global trade.

Of course, there will be problems in the promotion process. Its expansion may exacerbate the fragmentation of global finance, creating a confrontation between the G7-led bloc and China-led networks, thereby undermining the foundation of multilateral cooperation. Its long-term success depends on addressing issues of sovereignty and governance, as well as safeguarding the rights and interests of using countries.

For China, balancing innovation with transparency and trust is crucial. However, it is undeniable that the digital yuan has brought new opportunities for inclusive trade and injected new vitality into the global financial architecture.

05

中国正向更多游客敞开大门

原标题：China Opens Up to More Tourists as the U.S. Under Trump Closes Itself Off

发布机构：时代（Time）

关键词：中国旅游业；过境免签

中文

《时代》周刊近日发表题为《中国正向更多游客敞开大门》的文章，分析中国的对外开放政策。在特朗普执政期间，美国不断收紧边境政策，日益走向孤立主义；中国则积极向世界敞开大门，通过将免签政策扩展至75个国家。中国不仅是在提振入境旅游，更在释放一个明确信号：中国愿意加强交流、深化合作，并在全球舞台上展现自我。目前，数以百万计的旅客正免签入境中国，上海等城市更是迎来络绎不绝的海外访客。这是一场由中国主导、低调却有力的国家形象重塑。

2025年5月30日，国际旅客在上海浦东国际机场的入境检查站办理手续（图源：Getty Images）

面对来自美国的敌意，中国展现出冷静而有策略的应对姿态。特朗普推动旅行禁令、限制国际学生签证，并削减对外发展项目，而中国则持续出台鼓励文化、教育、旅游与经贸交流的新政策。

当美国逐渐与世界疏远之时，中国开始日益成为全球关注的焦点。国际学生在美国感受到寒意之际，却在中国找到了机遇与归属；而当西方游客因美国愈发封闭的社会氛围感到不安时，中国则以安全、包容、开放的姿态成为新的首选目的地。全球影响力的衡量标准早已超越军力与制裁，更关乎谁在架桥、谁在筑墙。如今，正是中国在搭建连接世界的桥梁。

Short Summary

Time magazine features an article titled China Opens Up to More Tourists as the U.S. Under Trump Closes Itself Off", analyzing the country's policies on opening-up.

Whilst the U.S. tightens its borders and retreats into isolationism under Trump, China, on the contrary, is opening up, and inviting the world in. By expanding visa-free access to 75 countries, China isn’t just boosting tourism, but also sending a clear signal that it is ready to connect, to engage, and to be seen in the global stage. At the moment, million of travellers are pouring in without visas, cities like Shanghai bustling with overseas visitors. It’s a quiet but powerful rebranding on China’s own terms.

There’s a strategic calm in how China responds to U.S. hostility. As Trump pushed for travel bans, restrictions on international students and cuts development programmes, China is steadily introducing new policies that encourage cultural and educational exchanges, tourism, and business.

As Washington alienates, China attracts. While international students feel the chill in the U.S., they find opportunity and welcome in China. As Western travellers grow wary of crossing into an increasingly paranoid America, China becomes the alternative – safe, curious, and forward-facing. Global power isn’t just about military reach or trade threats. It’s about who’s building bridges, not walls. Right now, it’s China that’s doing the building.