清华大学刘静： （ 二）盲文学的先锋科学思想探索与先锋科技间存在的极限思维共性

清华/中科院刘静（发明神经连接技术/精确有效治疗肿瘤/液态金属心脏）： （英文版）盲文学的先锋科学思想探索与先锋科技间存在的极限思维共性【二】

The Commonness of Extreme Thinking between Wenmang Literature’s Explorations of Pioneer Scientific Thought and Pioneer Science and Technology

——Reread Wenmang's series of works "The End of Mankind is Coming"

                                                                                                                        Jing Liu

       【文盲（Wenmang）注：太空望远镜发现：银河系灰尘内核神秘存在一个由过冷物质构成的巨大“扭曲缎带”。仅观测到这个“扭曲缎带”的上部结构，宽度就达到600光年。零下258摄氏度，其中较温暖的区域呈现蓝色，而较寒冷的区域则呈现红色。】

1. Daring to face extreme disasters and actively implementing self-help is a distinct concept conveyed by Wenmang works

When readers get the Wenmang work "The End of Mankind" in their hands, they may tremble involuntarily at the scenes in several pictures that appear on their eyelids. That is the scene of everything on the earth when the earth is facing extreme disasters, no matter how the earth, sea water, sky and even all kinds of human civilizations are swallowed by raging fire and scorched by high temperature. In fact, these are just the appearance of disaster. I can't help thinking, if the earth really encounters such bad luck one day, will mankind have a rescue plan in advance? For such a super disaster, it is obvious that it can only be dealt with through extreme technology, and the current earth civilization is far from having the corresponding scientific and technological reserves.

In fact, the exposition of Wenmang goes beyond the early warning of such extreme high-temperature disasters. He believes that human beings were ignorant of the sun in the past, and points out that although the surface of the sun shows extreme high temperature, its interior is very likely to be the home of aliens with high interstellar civilization or interstellar space transit station. The high temperature on the surface of the sun may be caused by the super nuclear power of aliens to start the sun, a super giant spacecraft. The high temperature is also a cover to prevent other species from discovering that aliens live in the sun.

The argument that Wenmang supports these views is that these giant spacecraft the size of the earth may be alien spacecraft. They rotate around the sun. Whether flying out of the sun or returning from outside the solar system, they can not only overcome the gravity of the sun and the energy equivalent to the explosion of 90 billion megaton hydrogen bombs released by the sun per second without being swallowed and dissolved by the sun. They can also orbit the sun in an orderly way, which not only proves that they are highly civilized alien flying objects, but also shows that they have an extraordinary relationship with the sun. These sensational but creative descriptions, although unimaginable, remind people to explore similar extreme technologies to some extent.

Let's not verify whether these avant-garde ideas of Wenmang are reasonable or not. In reality, some human exploration activities are actually approaching such a limit. Recently, NASA launched the Parker solar probe. As the only man-made object in the world that can enter the solar corona for detection, it has flown to the domain which is 10.4 million kilometers from the solar surface to collect data. In a sense, it is considered to have landed on the sun, and the temperature of the corona can reach 1 million degrees Celsius (the temperature of the solar surface is 5500 º C), This is a major breakthrough in human scientific exploration. When I first saw this news, on the one hand, I cheered for this feat. On the other hand, I couldn't help thinking of the a priori conjectures in Wenmang works. At the same time, I also recalled my early researches on liquid metals, which were actually initiated from the pursuit of extreme cooling technology.

It can be said that my research on liquid metals began with the exploration of extreme cooling methods at the beginning of this century. As we all know, with the rapid development of micro nano electronic technology, the "thermal barrier" caused by highly integrated chips, devices and systems has become a worldwide problem restricting various high-end applications. With this development, if the problem of energy consumption and heat dissipation of the chip is not solved, when 200 million transistors are integrated on the chip, it will be as hot as a "nuclear reactor", then reach the level of high-temperature gas nozzle during rocket launch, and even become as hot as the surface of the sun. The evolution of reality is indeed the case. In recent years, the extreme heat dissipation problem at a broader level becomes more severe than ever. I'm glad that we made a successful attempt in making liquid metal chip cooling into reality. At the beginning of 2000, in the process of studying micro/nano scale heat transfer, the picture of liquid metal flashed in my mind from time to time, which led me to introduce the generalized low melting point alloy heat dissipation technology in the field of high integration chip cooling for the first time, and subsequently opened up many liquid metal fields that have now become extremely important.

Over the past two decades, my laboratory was lucky to find a series of most basic scientific phenomena and effects of liquid metal, made many numerous technological breakthroughs, and put forward the idea of creating China Liquid Metal Valley and developing a brand new industry of liquid metal into practice. In the research process, I have a deep understanding that liquid metal, a special functional substance integrating the advantages of various cutting-edge materials, is very effective in breaking the application bottleneck in different fields. It is a distinctive extreme science. Taking the response to ultra-high temperature occasions as an example, gallium or gallium based alloy liquid metal materials own the widest liquid phase temperature range among almost all materials on earth, can maintain the liquid phase from room temperature to about 2400 ° C, and can easily realize solid-liquid conversion according to the application scenario. This also led to the invention of the liquid substances with the highest thermal conductivity in nature - nano liquid metal fluid and thermal interface materials. This extreme cooling broke the traditional modality in the technical concept, thus contributing to the arrival of a liquid metal cooling era.

Previously, the industry has mainly used air cooling, heat pipe and water cooling for decades, but their performance tends to reach bottleneck. The most common water will boil and even explode at 100 º C at one atmospheric pressure, which seriously limits its value in extreme cooling occasions. As one of the most excellent thermal management solutions, liquid metal has brought significant changes in concept and technology to the fields of convective cooling, thermal interface materials and phase change thermal control, broke through the technical limit of traditional cooling principle, and provided promising cooling solutions for a large number of devices and equipment facing the challenge of "thermal barrier".

Wenmang wrote in his book that when the solar system passes through the high-temperature jet area of the Milky way, the earth human beings are unable to save themselves, so the aliens with advanced scientific and technological civilization use the alien civilization that the earth human beings can't imagine to protect the solar system from the high-temperature jet from the center of the Milky way. This kind of cosmic humanitarian rescue (the word "cosmic humanitarian rescue" was invented by Wenmang) is extremely tragic. When Wenmang communicated with me, he placed his hopes in reality on our liquid metal technology to save mankind in the doomsday state. He believed that if a large amount of liquid metal we explored was injected into the atmosphere above the earth, the liquid metal could wrap the earth and protect it (like the Dyson Sphere, it was just a fluid device composed of liquid metal). No matter how the high temperature of the Milky Way hits the earth, the liquid device as the earth protective cover will continuously eliminate the high-temperature impact of the high-temperature jet of the Milky way on the earth. Not only that, liquid metal can give a certain intelligence, and can also play the function of artificial sun and artificial photosynthesis above the earth's atmosphere. Wenmang’s idea is astonishing. However, if giving careful thinking, it does have certain scientific feasibility and practicality.

As a liquid metal frontier explorer, I agree with Wenmang that liquid metals in the future should indeed do something to protect the human earth and deal with major disasters. This reminds me that one of my old friends had ever sent me a CD a few years ago. Its content is a science fiction film in which scientists use liquid metal protective shells to prevent cosmic rays. In fact, from the perspective of vanguard science and technology imagination, a problem that can be discussed at least in theory is that in the doomsday state, liquid metal may be launched into a specific extraterrestrial space (provided, of course, that it will not cause earth disasters in turn) and carried out task according to a certain law, so that the liquid metal protective film can circulate over the earth. To some extent, this is equivalent to turning liquid metal into a real protective cover for the earth. Since the liquid metal is controllable (in fact, it can be controlled without human interruption), the liquid metal with self-organizing behavior can spontaneously start to break down the move when it sees the high temperature - start the corresponding function when it sees the high temperature - so as to reflect the high temperature or quickly convert the continuous high temperature into energy, so as to continuously cycle and protect the earth; Or use new liquid metal technology to continuously guide the high temperature of the Milky Way galaxy that continues to impact the earth out of the earth, so as to save the earth from danger. In any case, liquid metals have unique potential in protecting the earth and even exploring the solar system.

Considering the extreme application scenarios described in Wenmang works and the recent international solar detector activities, I believe liquid metal can actually provide a lot of extreme support. In fact, from the technical point, there are many examples in this regard, such as the construction of liquid metal detectors to resist the invasion of solar super heat, and the construction on the ground to protect against extraterrestrial ultra-high temperature liquid metal shielding and protective shell of electromagnetic / ionizing radiation, so as to deal with interstellar disasters. These ideas seem to be the creative category of Wenmang new avant-garde literature, but it is certain that the application of this liquid metal is relatively close to reality. Although it does cost a lot of human, material and financial resources to implement, it can be classified as the category of avant-garde scientific exploration.

It can be seen that Wenmang’s avant-garde literature, the avant-garde thought exploration of Mang-literature, and avant-garde technology will come to the common ground of extreme thinking in many cases. It can also be said that before it is realized, avant-garde technology can be a new avant-garde literature, and vice versa. My laboratory has studied liquid metal shielding clothing, which can avoid strong electromagnetic and even ionizing radiation to a certain extent. I once seriously evaluated it and imagined that liquid metal may be a good defense tool if there is a large-scale nuclear leakage or nuclear disaster on the earth. From this point of view, I have to thank Wenmang works, which let us have a deep understanding of human disasters, actively break our thinking limit and take the initiative to develop pioneer technology.

2. The pursuit of advanced civilization and technology to solve major human disasters and immortality is the basic context running through Wenmang works

Wenmang’ view of disaster is not limited at all. He pointed out that what mankind has to face is not the prediction of the Mayan civilization, but the great change of the solar system that is about to happen. He especially reminded that in the process of restoring the normal orbit of the solar system and the Milky way, the great sun will make a transition, which will be impacted by the high-temperature jet of the radiation line. As for the specific experiencing time, it may be 10 or 100 years; It may be 1000 years or more, and no one knows how long the sun can last. The only thing we can know is that the impact is fierce. Human beings and human civilization are very likely to be destroyed. It may be a big tsunami or a big earthquake, such as the collision of earth plates; It may be a large volcano, such as the largest active volcano on earth. The hot volcanic ash will rise rapidly to the stratosphere with the air flow. Because there will be no rain in the stratosphere, it is difficult to eliminate it. In this case, the sun cannot shine on the ground, resulting in the failure of plants on the ground, and human beings will perish due to the mutual killing caused by the great famine; It may also be that the nuclear bomb is out of control. For example, due to the heating of galactic rays and solar storms, the earth's core may cause nuclear bomb self-explosion. There are tens of thousands of nuclear bombs in human beings. If the nuclear bomb is out of control and self-explosion at the same time, the earth will be stripped if it is not destroyed. These big volcanoes, big earthquakes, big tsunamis, big freezing, big heat, extraterrestrial meteorites, solar storms, cosmic rays, nuclear bombs out of control, whatever happens, is a disaster for humans. Even if we are now flying to the solar system by spaceship, we can't escape from the solar system without mastering the technology of time-space tunnel. Even if you escape from the solar system, you can't escape from the Milky way. It is still within the cross-section of the Milky Way's high-temperature rays, and the hope remains equally slim.

Therefore, the disasters facing the earth, whether human beings are willing to face it or not, will always come unexpectedly at some time. Therefore, the research on coping technology is not meaningless. In fact, such pioneer exploration activities will certainly drive the establishment of a number of extreme technologies. When it comes to the end of mankind, the classic Hollywood science fiction film terminator has already described such a scene. In its story background, human beings are on the verge of extinction under the control of Skynet. At this time, the liquid metal terminator robot carrying the mission of saving human beings appears. It can deform, withstand high temperature, and self-assemble and repair. This is certainly an illusion, but its idea of creating a liquid metal terminator robot is quite enlightening to mankind. With such extreme robots, human beings will be much more calm in the face of major disasters. Coincidentally, my laboratory was accidentally involved in the initiation of a new field of liquid metal robots, which was triggered by years of research on extreme substances such as liquid metals. For a long time, in the global scientific and engineering circles, it has been a dream to realize a soft robot that can freely transform between different forms to perform more special and advanced tasks that are difficult to be completed by conventional technology otherwise. Traditional robots are usually composed of rigid materials. The complex and changeable environment will bring great challenges to the flexibility, adaptability and safety of human interaction.

In 2013, my team discovered the fundamental phenomenon and principle that the complex of liquid metal and water under the control of electric field can transform between various forms and motion modes when studying the nerve response of animals excited by electric current. This disclosed the large-scale deformation, rotation, directional movement, merging, separation, and re-fusion behaviors of liquid metal. In the response process, the surface area would even change up to thousands of times, and it can easily drill through the gap which is many times narrower than itself. This work has aroused tremendous interest throughout the world and become the beginning of making liquid metal robot in reality. The industry generally regarded this as "liquid machine heralds a new era of soft robot" and "the terminator is expected to be a reality". Since then, we have also extended the principles to make more liquid metal transformable machines, including endowing liquid metal with magnetism and more physical properties through endocytosis effect, so as to get rid of the problem that the machine is limited by solution environment, so as to realize programmable control in three-dimensional space and provide a technical basis for driving liquid metal with multiple degrees of freedom. These substances are more convenient to operate in microgravity or even weightless space. I think these scenes may become new materials for some new avant-garde literary creation in the future.

In the process of research, I have always thought that making life from inorganic substances may be the Holy Grail of the scientific community and one of the key ways to break the limit of organic life. In this sense, the birth of liquid metal "life" is a major event in the research of material science. At the end of 2014, my team discovered a unique phenomenon of self-fueled liquid metal machine for the first time in the world, that is, liquid metal can realize self-running by swallowing a small amount of "aluminum foil". In our published article, we named this self-powering liquid machine as liquid metal mollusk which can easily realize a motion speed of centimeter per second and continuous operation for several hours. During the movement, the liquid metal machine can adjust its shape according to the track angle and width to realize independent deformation and movement without external power and energy supply, and still keep moving after separation and assembly; If this self-fueled liquid metal is dispersed, a large number of fast-moving micro motors can be generated instantly. They can form high-speed directional motion under the action of electric field, and show magnetic trap effect under magnetic field. This series of work has laid a theoretical and technical foundation for the development of practical intelligent motor, vascular robot, fluid pumping system, soft actuator and even more complex liquid metal robot. In the promotion of research, my laboratory also further found a series of liquid metal solid-liquid combined machine effects. Among them, in the self-excited oscillation effect triggered by liquid metal, when the pretreated copper wire touches the aluminum fueled liquid metal, it will be quickly swallowed and move back and forth on the liquid metal base for a long time, just like the string pulled by a violin. The oscillation frequency and amplitude can be flexibly tuned by touching the liquid metal with another metal such as stainless steel wire. This discovery refreshes people’s traditional interface science knowledge and opens a new way for the development of soft composite machines. The corresponding architecture can also be used as the control switch of fluid, electrical, mechanical and optical systems. Liquid metal, combined with more substances and control means, can also realize the soft machine structure of large-scale transformation, such as free swing soft octopus, jellyfish robot, bouncing robot, directional peristaltic mollusk, vehicle built on liquid metal droplet wheel, and dual fluid robot, etc.

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