“外媒论中国”第二十一期 | 为什么是中国赢？

01

美国报告称中国大学主导全球芯片研究

原标题：Chinese universities are dominating global research on chips, US report says

发布机构：南华早报（South China Morning Post）

关键词：中美科技竞争、芯片创新

中文

《南华早报》一篇题为“美国报告显示：中国大学在芯片研究领域占据全球主导地位”的文章指出，尽管面临美国出口限制，中国在半导体研究领域依然取得了显著进展。乔治城大学2024年发布的一份报告称，2018年至2023年期间，发表英文芯片研究论文数量排名前十的机构中有九家来自中国。其中，中国科学院（CAS）在论文发表数量（超过14300篇）和影响力（超过3400篇高被引研究）方面均位居第一。中国研究人员在神经形态计算、碳基人工智能芯片和光子处理器等领域不断取得突破，这也标志着中国在下一代半导体创新领域正逐步占据主导地位。

清华大学开发出了用于人工智能训练的节能型忆阻器芯片；北京大学创造了打破纪录的二维晶体管，其性能超越了英特尔和三星的设计。南京大学在自旋电子学领域发表了引用次数最多的芯片研究论文（2018年发表于《自然》杂志），浙江大学则在光子芯片用于超快计算方面取得了重要进展。此外，电子科技大学（UESTC）和华中科技大学（HUST）也在量子计算和国内芯片生产领域取得了显著成果。

（图源：南华早报）

尽管美国的制裁限制了中国获取先进制造工具，但报告指出，这些制裁可能无意中刺激了中国在基础研究方面的投入和发展。随着美中科技竞争的不断升级，中国在研究领域的强劲势头可能会重塑全球半导体领域的竞争格局，挑战美国在关键新兴技术领域的领先地位。

Short Summary

A South China Morning Post article titled “Chinese universities are dominating global research on chips, US report says” highlights China’s remarkable progress in semiconductor research amid U.S. export restrictions. According to a 2024 Georgetown University report, nine of the top 10 institutions publishing English-language chip research from 2018 to 2023 were Chinese, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) leading in both output (14,300+ papers) and influence (3,400+ highly cited studies). Chinese researchers are pioneering breakthroughs in neuromorphic computing, carbon-based AI chips, and photonic processors, signaling China’s growing dominance in next-gen semiconductor innovation.

Notable contributions include Tsinghua University’s energy-efficient memristor chip for AI training and Peking University’s record-breaking 2D transistor, which outperformed designs from Intel and Samsung. Nanjing University produced the most-cited chip study (2018, Nature) on spintronics, while Zhejiang University advanced photonic chips for ultra-fast computing. Institutions like UESTC and HUST are also making strides in quantum computing and domestic chip production.

While U.S. sanctions limit China’s access to advanced manufacturing tools, the report suggests they’ve inadvertently fueled fundamental research. As the U.S.-China tech race escalates, China’s research momentum could redefine global semiconductor leadership, challenging America’s technological edge in critical emerging fields.

02

谁将赢得人形机器人的开发竞赛？

原标题：Who will win the race to develop a humanoid robot?

发布机构：BBC新闻

关键词：人形机器人、技术创新

中文

《BBC新闻》的文章“谁将赢得人形机器人的开发竞赛？”指出，中国凭借政策支持、技术突破和产业协同优势，已成为全球人形机器人领域的重要竞争者。2025年北京人形机器人半程马拉松赛事中，中国自主研发的"天工Ultra"和"松延动力N2"等机器人展现了在复杂地形下的稳定性、续航力与适应性突破，体现了中国在AI融合、轻量化材料及控制算法领域的探索，以提升机器人实用化水平。

中国企业完全有能力主导人形机器人市场（图源：Getty Images）

中国将人形机器人纳入国家战略布局，通过“人形机器人创新发展指导意见”等政策推动2025年前建成完整产业生态。优必选、大疆、小米等企业通过高扭矩伺服电机、高性价比消费级产品等硬件创新抢占先机，并依托成熟的制造业供应链加速量产。学术界与产业界的协同创新——如北京具身智能创新中心的跨学科合作——进一步巩固了技术优势。

文章强调，中国庞大的应用场景（从工业物流到医疗护理）为技术迭代提供了数据支撑和市场空间。尽管面临挑战，但政策引导、产业灵活性与技术雄心的结合，使中国在全球人形机器人发展中占据关键地位。

Short Summary

In the BBC News article titled “Who will win the race to develop a humanoid robot?”, China emerges as a formidable contender in the global humanoid robotics race, driven by strategic policy support, rapid technological advancements, and a robust industrial ecosystem. The country’s progress is highlighted by milestones such as the 2025 Beijing Humanoid Robot Half Marathon, where Chinese-developed robots like Tiangong Ultra and Songyan Power N2 demonstrated breakthroughs in stability, endurance, and adaptability across complex terrains. These achievements reflect China’s focus on integrating AI, lightweight materials, and advanced control algorithms to enhance robotic mobility and real-world applicability.

China’s government has prioritized humanoid robotics as part of its national strategy, with policies like the “Humanoid Robot Innovation Development Guidelines” aiming to establish a competitive industrial ecosystem by 2025. Domestic companies, including Ubtech, DJI, and Xiaomi, are leading in hardware innovation, such as high-torque servo motors and cost-effective consumer models, while leveraging the country’s mature manufacturing supply chain to accelerate mass production. Collaborative efforts between academia, startups, and tech giants further strengthen China’s position, with initiatives like the Beijing Embodied AI Innovation Center fostering cross-disciplinary breakthroughs.

The article also underscores China’s expanding application scenarios, from industrial logistics to healthcare, supported by a vast domestic market and data-rich environments for AI training. While challenges remain, China’s combination of policy alignment, industrial agility, and technological ambition positions it as a key player in shaping the future of humanoid robotics.

03

在与美国的人工智能竞赛中

中国屡创佳绩

原标题：In AI race against US, China is racking up real-world wins

发布机构：南华早报（South China Morning Post）

关键词：人工智能发展、中国经济发展

中文

《南华早报》的一篇文章指出，中美之间的人工智能竞争不断升级，与此同时，两国还在不断加剧的关税战中相互角力，这可能会把世界经济拖入衰退的泥潭。尽管美国在人工智能技术层面处于领先地位，但并不能确定其在竞争中就一定能获胜。

首先，中国自上而下的政策布局为人工智能产业的蓬勃发展提供了坚实支撑。国内初创企业MiniMax（也称作DeepSeek）的成功，充分展现了中国在人工智能领域所蕴含的巨大潜力。从深圳到上海等地，地方政府纷纷支持人工智能发展，期望能够培育出下一个MiniMax。

其次，在监管方面，中国借鉴了欧盟的《人工智能法案》，避免过度监管，而是通过制定技术标准来规范人工智能的实际应用，以此推动产业和经济的发展。然而，面对中国在人工智能领域的快速发展，美国白宫制定了计划，意图维持其在全球人工智能领域的主导地位，包括进一步限制对华先进芯片出口，以及禁止MiniMax的人工智能聊天机器人进入美国政府设备。

义乌国际商贸城一家袜子店的店主使用 Al 生成产品介绍的英文视频。（图源：Getty Images）

不过，中国在人工智能领域还有一个显著的发展特点，那就是更加注重将人工智能技术尽快应用于实践，以造福企业和公众。例如，物美超市利用MiniMax的人工智能模型升级了客户关系管理系统。随着中国企业越来越多地应用人工智能案例，投资银行分析师认为，相关行业的中国股票具有重估的潜力，而“MiniMax效应”甚至成为今年推动中国股市上涨的重要因素。

中国国家互联网信息办公室主任工程师孙蔚敏指出，一个国家的实力不仅体现在是否率先发明新技术，还体现在能否在各个行业中有效推广和应用这些技术。对于人工智能而言，成功不仅取决于发展，更在于其在实际应用中如何被使用、部署、完善和持续改进。尽管中国的人工智能技术尚未领先全球，但庞大的国内市场以及普通消费者对人工智能应用的快速接受，可能会对中美在人工智能领域的竞争产生影响，至少在经济影响方面是如此。

Short Summary

An article in the South China Morning Post highlights the escalating competition between China and the US in artificial intelligence (AI), beyond their tariff war. While the US leads in AI technologically, China's top - down policy support has spurred the growth of its AI industry. For example, the success of domestic startup MiniMax (also known as DeepSeek) shows China's huge potential in this field. Local governments from Shenzhen to Shanghai are supporting AI development, hoping to nurture the next MiniMax.

China has also drawn on the EU's "Artificial Intelligence Act" to avoid over - regulation, instead focusing on setting technical standards to regulate AI's practical applications and support economic growth. Despite this, the US White House has plans to maintain its AI dominance, including further restricting advanced chip exports to China and banning MiniMax's chatbot from US government equipment.

However, China's focus on quickly applying AI technology in practical ways to benefit businesses and the public is a notable strength. For instance, Wumart Supermarket has upgraded its customer relationship management system using MiniMax's AI model. As Chinese enterprises adopt more AI applications, analysts believe related Chinese stocks have potential for revaluation, with the "MiniMax effect" driving this year's stock market rise.

Sun Weimin, chief engineer of the Cyberspace Administration of China, notes that a country's strength in AI lies not just in invention, but in effective application across industries. China's large domestic market and rapid consumer adoption of AI applications could impact the China - US AI competition, at least economically.

04

中国为何胜出？

原标题：Why China is Winning?

发布机构：新政治家（The New Statesman）

关键词：人工智能、中美竞争、特朗普 2.0

中文

在中美竞争进入白热化的当下，英国《新政治家》杂志一篇最近发表的文章指出，押注中国才是明智之选。在有关关税与贸易战的喧嚣表象之下，真正的较量事实上正在人工智能领域展开，而中国在该领域的领先表现正使美国处于明显劣势。特朗普执政下的美国因短期主义、通货膨胀与政治内斗而步履蹒跚，而中国则在人民强烈的国家认同感与高科技投资的推动下，稳步积蓄力量。从历史、人口结构及经济总量等多方面来看，中国已占据优势，而按购买力平价计算，中国经济规模已超越美国。

人工智能领域的崛起成为竞争格局真正的转折点。面对美国试图切断芯片出口、打压中国科技产业的举措，中国通过如DeepSeek等技术突破，展示了自身难以遏制的上升势头。美国根深蒂固的消费主义削弱了其国家意志，而中国人民不忘历史、牢记使命，锻造出了更为坚韧不拔的民族精神。战略优先、集中投资与社会凝聚力，使中国能够以美国碎片化体制难以匹敌的协调效率，动员各方资源。此外，中国的政治体制赋予其迅速修正错误、果断应对挑战的能力。中国政府在长期内保持政治稳定，与特朗普所代表的不稳定、以选票作为导向的美国政治形成鲜明对比。

（图源：新政治家）

中国不仅在积极应对各种当前局势，更在积极塑造全球未来，在电动汽车、太阳能及人工智能等关键领域快速领跑。相较之下，美国在整合政治与经济资源、制定连贯的长期战略方面举步维艰。世界正处于一个新时代的门槛上，中国的实力、抱负与技术创新将日益决定全球发展的节奏。“中国世纪”已不再是遥不可及的设想，而是正在加速成为现实。世界各国应摒弃对美国复兴的过时幻想，积极为一个由中国引领、充满远大志向与清晰战略规划的未来做好准备。

Short Summary

In the current competition for global dominance between the United States and China, an article published by The New Statesman suggests the smart bet is on China. Underneath all of the noisy hype about tariffs and trade wars, the real fight is being fought in the arenas of artificial intelligence, where China’s leadership puts the United States at a severe disadvantage. Whilst the U.S. under Trump stumbles along with short-termism, inflation, and internal political chaos, China quietly builds up its strength, mixing patriotism with investments in high technology. History, demography, and raw economic weight already favour China and, in purchasing power parity terms, China’s economy has already surpassed that of the United States.

The emergence of AI is the actual turning point. As America scrambles to choke off chip exports and throttle China’s tech industry, Chinese breakthroughs like DeepSeek illustrate how the momentum is no longer so readily stifled. America’s consumerist impulse softens national will, but China’s collective recall of past privation galvanizes a tougher, more determined nation. Strategic priority, centralized investment, and social cohesion provide China with the capacity to mobilize resources with a coherence that the fragmented American system cannot equal. Moreover, China’s political system enables it to recover rapidly and put things right with decisiveness and swiftness. Chinese government’s political stability in the long term is a contrast to the unstable, election-based calculations of Trump.

China is not only responding to events but actively driving the future of the world forward, charging ahead in electric vehicles, solar power, and now artificial intelligence. America, on the other hand, struggles to muster its political and economic resources into a coherent long-term plan. The world is on the cusp of a new age in which China’s strength, aspirations, and technological prowess will more and more determine the pace. The “Chinese century” is no longer a remote prospect – it is rapidly becoming a fact of life. Rather than hold onto old expectations of an American revival, the world needs to start getting ready for a future in which China is taking the lead in power, ambition, and a definite agenda for the decades ahead.

05

中国机器人正在崛起

原标题：Watch out, Elon Musk. Chinese Robots Are Coming: Why China May Win the Great Automaton Race

发布机构：经济学人（The Economist）

关键词：机器人、中国科技

中文

在近日于北京举行的一场半程马拉松赛事中，一小队人形机器人与数千名人类选手同场列阵。《经济学人》在题为《小心了，埃隆·马斯克：中国机器人正在崛起》的文章中指出，这一现象的背后，折射出中国在相关技术领域日益领先的地位，并将深刻塑造未来世界格局。在这场欢乐热闹的表象之下，亦蕴含着一个严肃的信号：当美国企业如特斯拉高调宣扬其机器人计划时，中国企业在政府支持、民间活力及深厚制造业基础的推动下，正悄然在新一代人形机器人研发竞赛中占据先机。

这一变革绝非偶然。面对劳动力规模收缩的挑战，中国已将人形机器人发展上升为国家科技战略的重要组成部分，并将其融入更广阔的科技强国建设大局之中。由腾讯、华为、比亚迪等巨头支持的新兴企业，如宇树科技和智元机器人，正在加速扩张。同时，中国高度协同的供应链体系也为本国机器人制造商带来了显著优势。无论是传感器、执行器，还是电池等关键组件，中国企业均占据主导地位，并通过规模化生产迅速降低成本，令西方竞争对手难以匹敌。

尽管美国在高端人工智能模型与先进芯片领域仍保有一定优势，但中国正迅速迎头赶上。以DeepSeek为代表的中国企业已展现出在美国技术封锁下实现自主创新的能力。更为关键的是，中国对机器人“硬件躯体”供应链的掌控，使其在全球竞争中具备了结构性优势；而美国则面临制造成本上升以及与盟友关系紧张等多重困境。即便一向以“美国例外论”自诩的埃隆·马斯克也坦言，除特斯拉之外，未来最具竞争力的人形机器人制造商将来自中国。

如果说未来属于那些能够将AI的“大脑”与可负担、可规模化生产的机器人“躯体”有效结合的国家，那么，属于中国的时代正在到来。凭借雄厚的制造实力、清晰的战略眼光与持续不断的技术创新，中国不仅正在重塑全球产业格局，更在塑造一个不可忽视中国科技力量的世界。这场在马拉松赛场上看似轻松的展示，或许将在未来被视作机器人革命时代由中国引领的重要标志。

Short Summary

At a recent half-marathon in Beijing, a small fleet of humanoid robots lined up alongside thousands of human runners. A recent article published by The Economist titled “Watch out, Elon Musk. Chinese robots are coming” draws on this and argues that, China’s growing lead in the technology will shape the future. Behind the cheerful spectacle lies a serious message: whilst American firms like Tesla boast of their robotic ambitions, it is Chinese companies – fuelled by government backing, private sector energy, and a deep manufacturing base – that are quietly pulling ahead in the race to build the next generation of humanoid machines.

The shift is not happening by accident. Faced with a shrinking workforce, China has made humanoid robotics a strategic priority, weaving it into its broader national drive for technological leadership. Startups like Unitree and AgiBot, backed by giants such as Tencent, Huawei and BYD, are scaling up at speed. Meanwhile, China’s tight-knit supply chains give its manufacturers a major edge. Whether it’s sensors, actuators, or batteries, Chinese firms dominate the key components needed to build robots at scale, and they are rapidly bringing down costs in a way their Western rivals cannot easily match.

Whilst the US still clings to advantages in high-end AI models and advanced chips, China is catching up fast. Companies like DeepSeek show that Chinese engineers are finding ways around the technology chokeholds imposed by Washington. More crucially, China’s ability to control the physical supply chain –  the “body” of the robot – puts it in a stronger position than the U.S., which faces rising costs and fraying alliances abroad. Even Elon Musk, never shy about American exceptionalism, admitted that after Tesla, the next strongest robot-makers are likely to be Chinese.

If the future belongs to those who can combine AI brains with affordable, scalable robot bodies, then China’s moment is arriving. Its manufacturing depth, strategic foresight, and restless innovation are not only transforming industries – they are shaping a world where Chinese technology will be impossible to ignore. What began as a playful display at a marathon may, in time, be remembered as a signpost pointing toward a Chinese-led era in the robotics revolution.

06

阿塞拜疆与中国

在丝绸之路愿景下巩固战略伙伴关系 

原标题：Azerbaijan, China cement strategic partnership under Silk Road vision 

发布机构：阿塞拜疆新闻（AzerNews）

关键词：中阿关系、“一带一路”倡议

中文

在对中国进行访问期间，阿塞拜疆总统伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫与中国领导人签署了一项重要的联合声明，将两国关系提升为全面战略伙伴关系。这标志着双边关系在经贸之外，在政治和战略层面也实现了深度拓展，阿塞拜疆在中国“一带一路”倡议（BRI）以及全球多极合作中的角色也进一步扩大。

可持续发展版“一带一路”倡议主席凯瑟·纳瓦布（Qaiser Nawab）称此次访问是一个“关键时刻”。双方的合作展现了长期互信与共同目标，合作领域扩展到经济发展、安全事务、气候行动以及地区稳定等多个方向。凭借其战略地理位置，阿塞拜疆已成为中国全球布局中的关键节点，带来了更大的贸易、科技和投资机会。

双方还同意在绿色能源、技术创新和工业现代化领域展开合作。预计中国的投资将助力阿塞拜疆建设可持续发展的经济体系，并推动其高科技产业的发展。除了经贸合作，两国还计划加强文化交流、推进签证便利化，并共同推动全球治理体系改革，增强发展中国家的话语权。

Short Summary

During his visit to China, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev signed a major Joint Statement with the Chinese leadership, upgrading their relationship to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. This marks a serious deepening of ties — not just in trade, but also politically and strategically, with Azerbaijan playing a bigger role in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and in global multipolar cooperation.

Qaiser Nawab, Chairman of the Belt and Road Initiative for Sustainable Development, called the visit a defining moment. The partnership shows long-term trust and shared goals between the two nations, expanding into areas like economic development, security, climate action, and regional stability. Azerbaijan’s strategic location now makes it a crucial player in China's global plans, opening up bigger trade, tech, and investment opportunities.

The two sides also agreed to work together on green energy, tech innovation, and industrial modernization. China’s investments are expected to help Azerbaijan build a sustainable economy and boost its high-tech industries. Beyond business, they’re also planning cultural exchanges, visa liberalization, and pushing together for reforms in global governance to give developing nations more of a voice.