法国在文化上更接近英国/德国还是意大利/西班牙?

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法国在文化上更接近英国/德国还是意大利/西班牙?

评论原创翻译：

Emmanuel Brun d'Aubignosc

It depends who you ask.

France has been united over the centuries. But it used to be a very divided country with different languages and cultural influences.

The people in the south consider themselves as Latins and consider the Italians and the Spanish as their cousins. The people in the most eastern part are very close to Germany, they eat about the same things as the Germans and used to speak Germanic dialects. The people in the far north are practically Belgians. The people from Brittany are culturally and ethnically closer to the Welsh. The Normans are the French Vikings who took over England at the battle of Hastings in 1066.

All French people share a common cultural references thanks to TV, a common language thank to school, but there still is a big difference between the north and the south. When I’m in the deep south it almost feels like a different country and I don’t always understand the people.

这取决于你问谁。

几个世纪以来，法国一直是统一的。但它曾经是一个非常分裂的国家，有不同的语言和文化影响。南部的人认为自己是拉丁人，认为意大利人和西班牙人是他们的表亲。最东部的人与德国非常接近，他们吃的东西和德国人差不多，过去常说日耳曼方言。住在最北部的人实际上是比利时人。来自布列塔尼的人在文化和种族上更接近威尔士人。诺曼人是法国维京人，他们在1066年的黑斯廷斯战役中接管了英国。由于有电视，所有法国人都有共同的文化参照，由于有学校，所有法国人都有共同的语言，但北方和南方仍然有很大的差异。当我在南方腹地时，感觉就像在一个不同的国家，我总是不了解那里的人。

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Alex Marquès

Perhaps we should remember that a similar argument can be made about Spain and Italy, where several different languages are spoken and there is a lot of cultural variety. It begs the question, what Italy or what Spain was the OP thinking of?

That ‘cultural-linguistic divide’ is not a Germanic-Romance opposition, anyway. French derived from vulgar Latin, just like Occitan and any other Romance language, and remains a Romance language today. Even by 842 AD, when Charlemagne’s succesors took posession of the eastern and western halves of the Carolingian empire, they had to take their oaths in Romance and Germanic, so the other side’s troops understood what they said. The Oaths of Strasbourg

are written proof of the linguistic and cultural east-west divide within the Carolingian Empire, long after the Franks settled in Latin-speaking Gaul. The old-French Romance that developed there, despite its borrowings, wasn’t mutually inteligible with the Germanic Frankish of their cousins. Yes, neighbouring countries will influence one another, but such differences settled and grew, making French a culture with a millennary history.

也许我们应该记住，在西班牙和意大利也可以进行类似的讨论，这两个国家有几种不同的语言，有很多不同的文化。这就引出了一个问题，意大利或者西班牙到底怎么看的?无论如何，这种“文化-语言鸿沟”并不是日耳曼语-罗曼语之间的对立。法语起源于粗俗的拉丁语，就像奥克语和任何其他罗曼语系一样，直到今天仍然是罗曼语起源的。甚至到了公元842年，当查理曼大帝的继任者占领了加洛林帝国的东西两部分时，他们必须用罗曼语和日耳曼语宣誓，这样对方的军队才能听懂他们说的话。《斯特拉斯堡誓词》是法兰克人定居在讲拉丁语的高卢很久之后，加洛林帝国东西方语言和文化差异的书面证明。在那里发展起来的古法国罗曼语，尽管借用了一些语言，但与表亲的日耳曼法兰克语并不相互理解。是的，相邻的国家会相互影响，但这种差异逐渐形成和发展，使法国成为一种具有千年历史的文化。

Cleyton Cabral

I met frech people from pretty much all parts of france and I never noticed that they consider themslves this or that but surely FRENCH. In my opinion people from all parts of france have a great sense of nationalism for France and its culture.

我遇到过来自法国各地的法国人，我从来没有注意到他们认为自己是这样或那样的人，但肯定都自认是法国人。在我看来，来自法国各地的人们对法国及其文化有着强烈的民族主义意识。

Kevin Bertet

Thank you very much! I never understood these theories that in the south they feel « Latin » and in the north « Germanic ». I’m from the South-West ( from Dordogne department, north-east of Bordeaux) and I don’t feel Spanish. When I went to Paris or anywhere in the northern part, I didn’t feel like a foreigner. Whether I’m in Lille or Toulouse, I feel home, I’m French. Period. Of course, it might’ve been different one or two centuries ago but still, France has been a unified and very centralized country for centuries. And I know for sure that people in the north of France don’t feel British, Dutch or German. They feel French too and they would always feel closer to a southern French than a citizen of the above mentioned countries. We live in the same country, speak the same language, we all had the same school experience, with the same subjects and topics. Almost everyone watch national channels on TV, and not regional. So, yeah, we’re French. Period.

非常感谢。所谓南方法国人的拉丁感和北方法国人的日耳曼感，这种说法，我是从来没有理解过。我来自西南部(波尔多东北部的多尔多涅区)，我不觉得自己是西班牙人。当我去巴黎或北部的任何地方时，我不觉得自己像个外国人。无论我在里尔还是图卢兹，我都有家的感觉，我是法国人。当然，一两个世纪前可能会有所不同，但几个世纪以来，法国一直是一个统一的、非常中央集权的国家。我确信法国北部的人不会觉得自己是英国人、荷兰人或德国人。他们也觉得自己是法国人，他们总是觉得自己与法国南部的人比上述国家的公民更亲近。我们生活在同一个国家，说着同样的语言，我们都有同样的学校经历，有同样的科目和话题。几乎每个人都看全国性的电视频道，而不是地区性的。是的，我们是法国人。

Daniel Sullivan

Genetically Northern France or North Central Northwestern France genetically is closer to the British and Irish especially also in looks. Northeastern France Eastern France have mixtures with Germany. Southwestern part of France with Spain like Catalonians and Basques. They are genetically related since ancient times. Even down to dialects and languages. Southeastern France bordering Italy genetically and linguistically related since ancient times.

从基因上看，法国北部或中北部的西北部地区更接近英国和爱尔兰人，尤其是在长相上。法国东部和德国有混血。法国西南部，有西班牙的加泰罗尼亚人和巴斯克人血统。他们自古以来就有血缘关系。甚至包括方言和语言。法国东南部与意大利接壤的地区自古以来就与意大利有遗传学和语言学上的联系。

Lucas Villar

Italy/Spain by a large margin. Italy and Spain have Latin culture like France.

You can see that in many features, starting with language, French shares over an 80% lexical similarity with Italian and Spanish, being a Romance language, it also has the same grammatical base as them. France is Roman Catholic like the Mediterranean pair. France has a culture and lifestyle closer to Italy and Spain, starting with their love for food and extensive food culture especially wine and cheese which is universal of Latin countries but nothing like Britain or Germany. In terms of traditions too, Mediterranean France has Spanish traditions like bullfighting and ferias. If you look at it historically, not only is France more prolific in the same fields as the other Latins such as arts, France has always followed the same artistic styles and cultursl movements as Italy and Spain, many times literally copying them from one of the two (Picasso or Da Vinci made big apportions to French culture for example or architecture Paris neoclassicism or modernism are typically Spanish and Italian) that is hardly the case of the other ones, France rarely if ever has copied British and German culture for their own, mostly preferring the other two.

意大利/西班牙遥遥领先。意大利和西班牙像法国一样有拉丁文化。你可以看到在许多特征中，例如语言，法语与意大利语和西班牙语有超过80%的词汇相似，作为罗曼语，它们也有相同的语法基础。法国的文化和生活方式更接近意大利和西班牙，首先是他们对食物的热爱和丰富的饮食文化，特别是葡萄酒和奶酪，这是拉丁国家普遍存在的，不像英国或德国。在传统方面，地中海地区的法国也有西班牙传统，比如斗牛和嘉年华。如果从历史上看，法国不仅在艺术等领域比其他拉丁国家更多产，而且法国一直遵循着意大利和西班牙一样的艺术风格和文化运动，多次地复制他们的两个,法国几乎从不复制英国和德国的文化。

Benjamin Gessel

Indeed. Britain and Germany are/have always been more oriented around military might, economic power, industrial strength, etc.

确实。英国和德国总是以军事实力、经济实力、工业实力等为导向。

Sandrine Chouard

True …

BUT :

The North of France has lots of cultural similarities with the UK (and/or the Netherlands/Belgium).*

Alsace & Lorraine has a lot of similarities with Germany …

Brittany shares Celtic traits so maybe close to say, Ireland….

And ALL OF THIS is perhaps whats make France rather unique.

是的。

但是：

法国北部与英国(或荷兰/比利时)有很多相似的文化。

阿尔萨斯和洛林与德国有很多相似之处…

布列塔尼具有凯尔特人的特点，所以可以说与爱尔兰相近……

也许这就是法国的独特之处。

Christophe Gourraud

France is at the crossroads between Mediterranean and Northern European countries, between Latin and Germanic countries.

The South West is closer to Spain, the South East to Italy. Bretons feel close to Celtic countries of the British isles, Alsatians were Germans not so long ago.

The typical Northern French does not look like the typical Southern French. He is likely to speak in a different family of accents. But both share the equal French identity and culture. This is part of the French melting pot, that extends with people of other origins and skin colors. The black immigrant from today is not so different than the Breton from last century.

法国处于地中海和北欧国家、拉丁和日耳曼国家之间的十字路口。西南面靠近西班牙，东南面靠近意大利。布雷顿人感觉与不列颠群岛的凯尔特国家很亲近，阿尔萨斯人不久前还是德国人。典型的法国北部和典型的法国南部并不相同。他们说话可能操不同的口音。但两者都拥有同样的法国身份和文化。这是法国大熔炉的一部分，延伸到其他血统和肤色的人。今天的黑人移民与上个世纪的布雷顿人并没有太大的不同。

Liam Johnson

Difficult to say. France is a large country. On the whole, probably Spain/Italy. But the French don’t conform to the Latin stereotype. Italians, for example, are generally thought of as warm, emotional, passionate and hot-blooded. The French, in my experience, are more restrained and melancholic. I’ve never really thought of them as a Mediterranean people. Surprisingly, they are quite like the British in several ways. In fact, the artistic/intellectual/cultural elite of Paris and London have a great deal in common with each other – more than with their own working classes. The British and French have a long and intertwined history. Their elites had been fighting, but also exchanging ideas, for centuries before Germany even existed. If you look at the timeline of English and French literature, it is interesting to see the constant exchange: Shakespeare was influenced by Montaigne, Voltaire was influenced by Alexander Pope, Dickens was a Francophile, and so was Oscar Wilde, while Proust was influenced by John Ruskin, and so on. Then again, I’m an English Francophile, so I would say that!

难说。法国是个很大的国家。总的来说，可能是西班牙和意大利加起来那么大。但法国人不符合拉丁人的刻板印象。例如，意大利人通常被认为是热情、情绪化、和热血的。根据我的经验，法国人更克制，更忧郁。我从来没想过他们是地中海人。令人惊讶的是，他们在很多方面都很像英国人。事实上，巴黎和伦敦的艺术/知识/文化精英有很多共同之处，比他们自己的工人阶级的共同之处还要多。英法两国有着悠久而错综复杂的历史。在德国诞生之前的几个世纪里，他们的精英们就一直在战斗，但也在交流思想。如果你看看英国和法国文学的时间线，你会发现他们之间的交流是很有趣的:莎士比亚受到蒙田的影响，伏尔泰受到亚历山大·蒲伯的影响，狄更斯是亲法国的，奥斯卡·王尔德也是，而普鲁斯特受到约翰·拉斯金的影响，等等。话说回来，我是一个英国的亲法派，所以我会这么说!