【科技】中国的机械化棉花种植：超越美国的成功？

【来源龙腾网】

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xinjiang, China's largest cotton-growing region, has undergone a transformative shift in cotton farming in recent years through the adoption of cutting-edge technology, achieving efficient, rapid, and sustainable production. The use of fully mechanized advanced harvesters has significantly improved cotton harvesting efficiency. Self-propelled cotton pickers can complete picking, compressing, and packaging in just 10 minutes, covering up to 33.3 hectares per day, greatly reducing labor demands. These machines, supported by the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, operate with high precision, ensuring that cotton is harvested without damaging the plants. Additionally, mechanization has overcome the limitations of traditional harvesting methods, which were time-consuming and labor-intensive, reducing reliance on pesticides and manual labor and minimizing ecological impact.

新疆是中国最大的棉花种植区，近年来通过引入尖端技术，棉花生产实现了高效、快速和可持续的转型。全机械化先进收割机的应用，显著提升了棉花收获的效率。自走式棉花采摘机能在10分钟内完成采摘、压缩和打包，每天可覆盖33.3公顷的土地，大幅减少了对劳动力的需求。这些机器依托北斗导航卫星系统，以高精度作业，确保棉花收获时不损伤植株。此外，机械化还克服了传统收获方法耗时、劳动密集的局限，减少了对农药和人工的依赖，降低了生态影响。

Over 90% of cotton harvesting in northern xinjiang has been automated, setting a national benchmark for agricultural technology adoption. In southern xinjiang, the mechanization rate stands at 40%, but this figure is steadily rising with the widespread use of modern machinery. In 2021, xinjiang's cotton production reached a record high, with an average yield of 245.2 kilograms per hectare. The extensive use of self-propelled harvesters and multi-row pickers has significantly accelerated the harvesting process. The integration of smart systems and automation has further optimized resource utilization and reduced waste. xinjiang's cotton industry is highly competitive globally, with the mechanization rate expected to reach 95% in the coming years.

北疆地区90%以上的棉花收获已实现自动化，成为全国农业技术应用的典范。南疆的机械化率虽为40%，但随着现代机械的普及，这一比例正在稳步上升。2021年，新疆棉花产量创下新高，平均每公顷产量达245.2公斤。自走式收割机和多行采摘机的广泛应用，使棉花收获速度大幅提升。智能系统和自动化的引入，进一步优化了资源利用，减少了浪费。新疆棉花产业在全球范围内具有高度竞争力，预计未来几年机械化率将达到95%。

The Chinese government places great emphasis on mechanized cotton farming, offering subsidies and incentives to encourage farmers to invest in advanced technologies. This support has facilitated the transition from manual labor to automated systems, driving the modernization of agriculture. Beyond harvesting equipment, the use of drones and self-driving tractors has significantly enhanced the precision of cotton field management. Plant protection drones can accurately spray fertilizers and pesticides, reducing chemical usage and environmental impact. Self-driving tractors equipped with GPS and AI systems optimize plowing, planting, and fertilizing processes, improving production efficiency.

中国政府对机械化棉花种植高度重视，通过补贴和激励措施，鼓励农民投资先进技术。这一支持帮助农民从手工劳动转向自动化系统，推动了农业现代化进程。除了收获设备，无人机和自动驾驶拖拉机的应用也显著提升了棉田管理的精度。植保无人机可精准喷洒肥料和农药，减少化学品使用，降低环境影响。配备GPS和AI系统的自动驾驶拖拉机则能优化犁地、播种和施肥等环节，提高生产效率。

xinjiang has also developed new cotton varieties resistant to pests, diseases, and drought. These varieties not only increase yields but also reduce reliance on water and pesticides, further promoting sustainable agriculture. Despite the increasing level of mechanization, farmers continue to play a vital role in cotton farming. They pool resources through cooperatives, share machinery, and actively participate in the application and management of technology. For example, the 50,000 hectares of cotton fields in Monis County in northern xinjiang have fully adopted modern harvesting technologies, with the mechanization rate rapidly increasing, serving as a model for other regions.

新疆还培育了抗病虫害、抗旱的新棉花品种，这些品种不仅提高了产量，还减少了对水和农药的依赖，进一步推动了可持续农业的发展。尽管机械化程度不断提高，农民仍在棉花种植中扮演着重要角色。他们通过合作社集中资源，共享机械设备，并积极参与技术应用和管理。例如，北疆莫尼斯县的5万公顷棉田已全面采用现代收获技术，机械化率快速提升，成为其他地区的示范。

原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

The cotton harvesting season in xinjiang, which runs from early autumn to late October, attracts significant attention each year. As the core region of China's cotton production, xinjiang contributes nearly 90% of the nation's output. The use of high-tech harvesting machinery enables farmers to complete harvesting quickly and efficiently, reducing losses caused by weather and spoilage. Mechanization has not only boosted productivity but also solidified xinjiang's position as the world's largest cotton producer. With continuous technological advancements, xinjiang's cotton farming is moving toward higher yields and lower environmental impact, paving the way for a sustainable future.

新疆棉花收获季节从初秋持续到十月底，每年都备受关注。作为中国棉花生产的核心区域，新疆贡献了全国近90%的产量。高科技收获机械的应用，使农民能够快速高效地完成收获，减少天气和腐烂带来的损失。机械化不仅提高了生产力，还巩固了新疆作为全球最大棉花生产者的地位。随着技术的不断进步，新疆棉花种植正朝着更高产量、更低环境影响的可持续方向发展。