“登上飞机就意味着踏上祖国的国土，不再因战争而流离失所”

查了下关于航空器法律适用，找到英国的百科全书
https://www.britannica.com/topic/air-law/Acts-and-occurrences-on-board-aircraft
很小的篇幅，但基本涵盖了你想要讨论的所有问题，摘录要点
所谓“航空器即注册国领土”的说法
Although some systems of national law still adhere to the view that ships and aircraft are part of the territory of the state the nationality of which they possess, this is merely a crude metaphor.
无争议领土上航空器的法律适用
As long as an aircraft is flying in the national airspace of some state, the law of that state is applicable. 
东京公约的适用和目的
in 1963 at Tokyo of the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, obliging the contracting states to extend their criminal law and jurisdiction to aircraft of their registry when they are outside national territory.