QA问题：是否可以说东南亚文化是印度文化与中国文化的融合？

【来源龙腾网】

评论原创翻译：

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Johannes Sulistyo

Almost correct.

But I doubt the Chinese one. At least reading Larry Gonick’s cartoon and his reading material sources, I would say that it is the Indochina that influences the Chinese, particularly the Southern one (the barbaric Yue people). The Yues have been part of Chinese history since ancient times, but is always different from the rest of other middle kingdom entities.

When the Chinese adopted and accepted Buddhism during Han dynasty period. It is not until Tang dynasty that it became so mainstream and fully adopted into tri-dharma school (three righteous way), which composed of Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism.

The first scxt was brought in from ancient Afghanistan. And thus born the Chinese “connection” with Indian Buddhism culture, which were heavily influenced by Hindu culture. In turn, this influenced some IndoChinese, especially Vietnam.

几乎是对的。

但我怀疑关于中国的说法。至少读过拉里·戈尼克的漫画和他的阅读材料后，我会说是印度支那影响了中国，特别是南方的越人（野蛮的越人）。越人自古以来就是中国历史的一部分，但始终与中央王国其他地区不同。

中国人在汉代开始接受佛教。直到唐代，佛教才成为主流，并被完全纳入三教派（三正道），即道教、儒教和佛教。

南亚最早的文字是从古代阿富汗传入的。由此，中国与印度佛教文化产生了“联系”，而印度佛教文化深受印度教文化的影响。反过来，这又影响了一些印度支那人，尤其是越南人。

What I learn at school

Before the merchants from Arabian Peninsula arrived here, merchants from “Barat” (Indonesian for ‘west’) or India, particularly Gujarat, arrived here first. They replaced animism and dynamism with Hinduism. This brand of local Hinduism is actually a unique mixture between local beliefs and wisdoms, inserted into mainstream Hindu beliefs.

Evidence includes:

Prambanan temple, a heritage of Hinduism past:

Our shadow puppet art or “wayang”

我在学校学到什么

在阿拉伯半岛的商人抵达之前，来自“巴拉特”（印尼语意为“西方”）或印度，特别是古吉拉特邦的商人已经先来到这里。他们用印度教取代了万物有灵论和活力论。这种本土印度教实际上是将本土信仰和智慧独特地融合在一起，融入主流印度教信仰之中。

证据包括：

普兰巴南寺庙，印度教过去的遗产：

我们的皮影戏艺术或“皮影戏”

原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Notice the Javanese scxt that borrows from Brahmi scxt, which is also used in Sanskrit. The ancient form or kawi (Sanskrit: kavi, or ‘poet’), is pretty much undistinguishable from the south Indian scxts.

While wayangs are largely inspired by Hindu mythologies. The locals, particularly Javanese inserted a couple of local wisdom figures into the general storyline such as this figure “Semar”:

In the wayang plays, Semar is often inserted in Stan Lee-like Marvel cameos, as the wise figure who gives practical instead of philosophical advice to the main characters. He reflects the usually practical and worldly Javanese “down to earth” kind of wisdom.

King Suryavarman II of Khmer Empire, who builds the famous Angkor Wat. The building is proudly displayed in Cambodian flag today.

请注意，爪哇文借用了婆罗米文，而婆罗米文也用于梵文。古代形式或kawi （梵语：kavi，即“诗人”）与南印度文字几乎没有区别。

虽然皮影戏很大程度上受到印度神话的启发。当地人，尤其是爪哇人，在故事情节中加入了几个当地智慧人物，比如这个人物“Semar”：

在皮影戏中，塞马尔经常像斯坦·李一样客串，作为智者为主角提供实用而非哲学的建议。他体现了爪哇人通常务实和世故的“脚踏实地”的智慧。

高棉帝国的苏利耶跋摩二世国王，建造了著名的吴哥窟。如今，这座建筑骄傲地悬挂在柬埔寨国旗上。

Notice the strong Indian influence in His name and the architecture.

Our currency:

Indonesian rupiah - Wikipedia

Rupiah is derived from Sanskrit Rupyakam, which probably also inspired Indian Rupee. It means “silver”. Colloquially, Indonesians sometimes uses word “perak” or silver in Malay for rupiah, just as Americans use “bucks” for US dollar and Britons use “quid” for Poundsterling.

Hindu god Vishnu (Wisnu)’s vahana (wahana) or “mount”, is the mythical bird of Garuda is:

请注意他的名字和建筑中浓厚的印度影响。

我们的货币：

印度尼西亚卢比 - 维基百科

卢比源于梵语Rupyakam，印度卢比可能也受其启发。意思是“银”。在口语中，印尼人有时会用马来语中的“perak”或“银”来表示卢比，就像美国人用“bucks”表示美元，英国人用“quid”表示英镑一样。

印度教神毗湿奴（Wisnu）的坐骑，即“坐骑”，是神话中的迦楼罗（Garuda）鸟：

You can’t deny the connection with ancient India.

Then we came to contact with China. This means that we were already “cultured” when the Chinese arrived, making their influence on Southeast Asia rather a “later foreign adaptation” than the “actual source material” that inspires the development and expansion of our culture.

But this might be different for Vietnam, which was influenced more by the Chinese and less connection with India and neighbouring cultures.

你不能否认与古印度的联系。

然后我们开始接触中国。这意味着当中国人到来时，我们已经“有文化了”，这使得他们对东南亚的影响更像是“后来的外来文化”，而不是激发我们文化发展和扩张的“实际源头”。

但越南的情况可能有所不同，因为越南受中国的影响更大，与印度和邻国文化的联系较少。

@Nguyễn Văn Hùng

As a Vietnamese, thank you for acknowledging that we are not influenced by Indian culture.

Although Vietnamese people don’t like China, Chinese culture is really much better than India

作为一个越南人，感谢你承认我们没有受到印度文化的影响。

虽然越南人并不喜欢中国，但是中国文化真的比印度强多了。

@Just Travelling

Indonesia, Thailand and Malayasia along with Cambodia have been influenced by Indian culture. Vietnam is more influenced by Chinese culture.

印度尼西亚、泰国、马来西亚以及柬埔寨都受到了印度文化的影响。越南更多地受到了中国文化的影响。

@Aryan Arav

Singapore, Myanmar as well

新加坡、缅甸也是如此

@Ben Soo

Southeast Asia is part of the Chinese world aka ‘Sinosphore’ influenced by India through Buddhism or Islam, just like China!

东南亚是中国世界的一部分，通过佛教或伊斯兰教受到了印度文化的影响，就像中国一样！

@Ayush Karn

South vietnam along with philliphenes was influenced by indian culture more during champa rule or I can say north vietnam also to a extent because of buddhism

在占婆统治时期，南越南和菲律宾受到了更多的印度文化影响，我可以说北越南也在某种程度上受到了佛教的影响。

@Nguyễn Văn Hùng

Vietnam tiene algo de arquitectura hindú, pero el 90% de nuestra cultura antigua proviene de China.

越南确实有一些印度教建筑，但是我们90%的古代文化是来自中国。

@Andy Broqueza

Philippines is influenced by China more than India in the pre-colonial era. However, in the modern-day, most of the Philippines culture and mindset were influenced by Spanish and Americans. Only a small percentage of Philippine culture is Indian or Chinese

在殖民前，菲律宾受到的中国影响比印度更大。然而，在现代，菲律宾的大部分文化和思维方式都受到了西班牙人和美国人的影响。菲律宾文化中只有很小一部分是印度或中国的。

@Paruchuri S Prasad

Good question ans very lucid answer.

As a Indian who knows the Indian epics Mahabharata and Ramayana and once a cricket aficionado, Srilankan names always intrigued me as they are name that we generally use for rulers of warriors. Sri Lankan President is Mythripala Sirisena. Their former President was Chanrika Kumaratunga and her mother, perhaps the first woman PM of any country was SiriMao Bhandaranayake.

Later I feel in love with the name Megawati Sukarnoputi, your former President. This was exotic. One of your satellites was name Chakrawarta; I do not know if it is still in orbit. Even Jakarta has its origins in Sanskit root. As you said, influence of Indian culture is very heavy on Indonesian culture.

Love to read more such posts from you.

很好的问题和清晰的回答。

作为一个熟悉《摩诃婆罗多》和《罗摩衍那》的印度人，曾经是板球爱好者，斯里兰卡的名字总是让我感到好奇，因为它们通常是我们用来称呼统治者或武士的名字。斯里兰卡总统是Mythripala Sirisena。他们的前总统是Chanrika Kumaratunga，她的母亲，也许是任何国家的第一位女总理，是SiriMao Bhandaranayake。

后来，我爱上了你们前总统梅加瓦蒂·苏卡尔诺普蒂的名字。这太有异国情调了。你们的一个卫星被命名为Chakrawarta；我不知道它是否还在轨道上。甚至雅加达的起源也可以追溯到梵语。正如你所说，印度文化对印度尼西亚文化的影响非常深远。

期待读到更多这样的帖子。

@Naveen Kumar

Well, Indonesia means “Indian Islands” (and also “Internal Islands”). South East Asia was earlier called East Indies.

嗯，印度尼西亚的意思是“印度群岛”（也包括“内部群岛”）。东南亚以前被称为东印度群岛。

@Soham Bhandari

Better to say india used islands

更好的说法是印度使用了这些岛屿

@Kala Asmna

Indian allied islands.

We never conquered them,more like strong friends.

印度的盟友岛。

我们从未征服它们，更像是强大的朋友。

@Sandhya Bhandarwar

Yes, Indonesia has cities names Purwakarta , Yogyakarta …

是的，印度尼西亚有普尔瓦卡塔、日惹等城市...