原报告全文详解美国神秘部队！

^5月18日《新闻周刊》报道截图和翻译

美国神秘部队，到底是个什么梗，策辩看到讨论越来越多，于是把美《新闻周刊》的原文找了出来：全文约5000个单词10页。里面蕴含的信息远比目前媒体解读的更丰富，了解不少细节和新概念；当然仁者见仁智者见智。下面策辩将全文中英对照方便大家理解解读，希望对你有所帮助：有一点我们是可以肯定的，我们把你们想得太好了，这句话不止是反击，更应在全社会全面反思，并立即采取行动！他们的阴狠和在武力上与时俱进，超乎我们想象！

标题：U.S. Operating 60,000-Troop Strong Secret Army, Claims Newsweek report

据《新闻周刊》报道，美国正运行6万庞大的秘密军队

题头：Mass deception and confusion define our world. Ultimately all in the service of corrupt, privileged cliques around the globe.

大规模的欺骗和混乱定义了我们的世界。最终，这一切都为全球腐败的、特权集团服务。

提示语：He U.S. military is operating a 60,000-troop strong secret army without any Congressional oversight, spending at least $900 million on the program annually, claimed a Newsweek report. The Newsweek report cited the results of a two-year investigation.

据《新闻周刊》报道，美国军方在没有任何国会监督的情况下，正在运营一支6万人的庞大秘密军队，每年至少花费9亿美元用于该计划。《新闻周刊》的报道引用了为期两年的调查结果。

The magazine’s report, said to be based on dozens of Freedom of Information Act requests, the analysis of 1,600 resumes and job postings, and interviews with several persons involved, suggests that this secret army carries out operations across the U.S. and abroad, both online and offline, and that its tasks include defeating increasingly complex technologies.

Over half of the force is said to consist of special operations troops operating in countries across the globe. 

该杂志的报告据说是基于数十项信息自由法案的要求，分析了1600份简历和职位，并采访了几名涉案人员，表明这支秘密军队在美国和国外进行在线和离线行动，其任务包括击败日益复杂的技术。

据说，超过一半的部队由在全球各国行动的特种作战部队组成。

Intelligence specialists engaged in the collection of information, counter-intelligence, and linguists are reportedly its second-largest contingent. Other personnel make up a cyber army engaged in cyberwarfare and intelligence collection, and are even reportedly working to manipulate social media – an illegal practice the U.S. has repeatedly accused countries like Russia, China, and Iran of engaging in.

据报道，从事情报搜集、反情报和语言学家的情报专家是其第二大组成部分。其他人员组成了一支从事网络战争和情报收集的网络军队，据报道，他们甚至正在操纵社交媒体——美国一再指责俄罗斯、中国和伊朗等国参与这一非法行为。

The program is said to be known as “signature reduction,” and is an estimated ten times bigger than the CIA’s clandestine operations division.

据说，该计划被称为"减少签名"，估计比中情局的秘密行动部门大十倍。

The covert initiative reportedly has access to the U.S. intelligence community’s grab bag of real, counterfeit, and altered foreign passports and visas, as well as what is known as a Cover Acquisition Management System, a previously never reported-on register of false identities logging the mechanisms used by operators. Along with the alteration of foreign documents and the defeat of foreign security systems, the secret army’s operators reportedly accesses and make changes to U.S. customs and immigration databases to ensure fake identities match up so that the program’s soldiers can safely return to the U.S. without raising suspicions.

据报道，这项秘密举措可以获取美国情报界查获的真、假、变外国护照和签证袋，以及所谓的"封面获取管理系统"，该系统以前从未上报过记录运营商使用机制的假身份登记册。据报道，随着外国政策的变更和外国安全系统的更替，秘密军队的运营商访问并更改了美国海关和移民数据库，以确保假身份相符，以便该计划的士兵能够安全返回美国，而不会引起怀疑。

The secret army reportedly includes a “Special Access Programs (SAP)” section which contains secrets about the tools and methods used to trick foreign security systems’ fingerprinting and facial recognition components, with SAPs including unassuming names such as “Hurricane Fan,” “Island Hopper,” and “Peanut Chocolate.” 

One retired senior officer boasted to Newsweek about America alleged superiority over its rivals in the “war” to defeat the “transparent world.”

据报道，秘密军队包括一个"特殊访问计划（SAP）"部分，其中包含有关用于欺骗外国安全系统指纹和面部识别工具和方法的秘密，其中SAP包括隐秘的名字，如"飓风风扇"、"岛屿漏斗"和"花生巧克力"。

一位退休高级军官向《新闻周刊》吹嘘说，美国在"战争"中比对手优越，以击败"透明世界"。

“We’re winning this war, including on the cyber side, even if secrecy about what we are doing makes the media portrayal of the Russians again look like they are ten feet tall,” he suggested.

"我们正在赢得这场战争，包括在网络方面，即使我们的所作所为的保密性让媒体对俄罗斯人的描绘看起来像是俄罗斯更高明"他建议道。

Another unnamed senior former officer from the program admitted to the magazine that presently, nobody actually knows how big the signature reduction program really is. The official added that “everything from the status of the Geneva Conventions – were a soldier operating under false identity to be captured by the enemy – to Congressional oversight is problematic” when it comes to this secret force.

另一位不愿透露姓名的前项目高级官员向该杂志承认，目前，没有人真正知道签名减少计划到底有多大。这名官员补充说，"从日内瓦四公约的地位——一个以假身份作战的士兵被敌人俘虏——到国会的监督，一切都是有问题的"

The report – Exclusive: Inside the Military’s Secret Undercover Army – by William M. Arkin on May 17, 2021 said:

2021年5月17日，威廉·阿金在《在秘密军队内部卧底》一书中说。（以上是摘要）

“The largest undercover force the world has ever known is the one created by the Pentagon over the past decade. Some 60,000 people now belong to this secret army, many working under masked identities and in low profile, all part of a broad program called ‘signature reduction.’The force, more than ten times the size of the clandestine elements of the CIA, carries out domestic and foreign assignments, both in military uniforms and under civilian cover, in real life and online, sometimes hiding in private businesses and consultancies, some of them household name companies.

"世界上最大的卧底部队是五角大楼在过去十年中建立的。现在大约有60，000人属于这支秘密军队，其中许多人以假身份低调隐秘的工作，所有这些都属于一个叫做"减少签名"的广泛计划的一部分。这支部队的规模是中情局秘密分子的十几倍，他们身着军装，在平民掩护下，在现实生活中和网上执行国内外任务，有时躲在私营企业和咨询公司，其中一些是家喻户晓的公司。

“The unprecedented shift has placed an ever greater number of soldiers, civilians, and contractors working under false identities, partly as a natural result in the growth of secret special forces but also as an intentional response to the challenges of traveling and operating in an increasingly transparent world. The explosion of Pentagon cyber warfare, moreover, has led to thousands of spies who carry out their day-to-day work in various made-up personas, the very type of nefarious operations the United States decries when Russian and Chinese spies do the same.”

"这种前所未有的转变使以假身份工作的士兵、平民和承包商人数不断增加，部分原因是秘密特种部队的成长，但也是为了有意应对在日益透明的世界中旅行和行动的挑战。此外，五角大楼网络战的爆发导致成千上万的间谍以各种编造的角色进行日常工作，而正是这种邪恶行动，当俄罗斯和中国间谍也这样做时，美国就会谴责这种行动。

The exclusive report said:

独家报道说：

“What emerges is a window into not just a little-known sector of the American military, but also a completely unregulated practice. No one knows the program’s total size, and the explosion of signature reduction has never been examined for its impact on military policies and culture. Congress has never held a hearing on the subject. And yet the military developing this gigantic clandestine force challenges U.S. laws, the Geneva Conventions, the code of military conduct and basic accountability.

"这样一个行动机构，不仅在美国军队中是一个鲜为人知的部门，而且是一个完全不受监管的做法。没有人知道该计划的总规模，签名减少的爆炸性增长从未被审查过它对军事政策和文化的影响。国会从未就此举行过听证会。然而，发展这支庞大秘密部队的军事挑战是美国法律、日内瓦四公约、军事行为准则和基本责任。

“The signature reduction effort engages some 130 private companies to administer the new clandestine world. Dozens of little known and secret government organizations support the program, doling out classified contracts and overseeing publicly unacknowledged operations. Altogether the companies pull in over $900 million annually to service the clandestine force—doing everything from creating false documentation and paying the bills (and taxes) of individuals operating under assumed names, to manufacturing disguises and other devices to thwart detection and identification, to building invisible devices to photograph and listen in on activity in the most remote corners of the Middle East and Africa.

"签名减少努力使大约130家私营公司参与管理新的秘密世界。数十个鲜为人知的秘密政府组织支持该计划，分发机密合同，并监督未经承认的公开行动。这些公司每年总共吸引9亿多美元，为秘密部队服务——从制造虚假文件和支付假名个人的账单（和税），到制造伪装和其他设备来阻止侦查和识别，到制造隐形设备来拍摄和收听中东和非洲最偏远角落的活动。

“Special operations forces constitute over half the entire signature reduction force, the shadow warriors who pursue terrorists in war zones from Pakistan to West Africa but also increasingly work in unacknowledged hot spots, including behind enemy lines in places like North Korea and Iran. Military intelligence specialists—collectors, counter-intelligence agents, even linguists—make up the second largest element: thousands deployed at any one time with some degree of ‘cover’ to protect their true identities.

"特种作战部队占整个签名减少部队的一半以上，这些影子战士在从巴基斯坦到西非的战区追捕恐怖分子，但也越来越多地在未经承认的热点地区工作，包括在朝鲜和伊朗等地的敌军防线后面。军事情报专家——搜集人员、反情报人员，语言学家——构成第二大要素：数千人部署在某种程度的"掩护"下随时工作，以保护他们的真实身份。

“The newest and fastest growing group is the clandestine army that never leaves their keyboards. These are the cutting-edge cyber fighters and intelligence collectors who assume false personas online, employing ‘nonattribution’ and ‘misattribution’ techniques to hide the who and the where of their online presence while they search for high-value targets and collect what is called ‘publicly accessible information’—or even engage in campaigns to influence and manipulate social media.。Hundreds work in and for the NSA, but over the past five years, every military intelligence and special operations unit has developed some kind of ‘web’ operations cell that both collects intelligence and tends to the operational security of its very activities.

"最新和增长最快的群体是黑客部队，他们从不离开键盘。这些是尖端的网络战士和情报收集者，他们在网上冒用虚假角色，使用"非归因"和"错误归因"技术来隐藏他们在网上存在的人和地点，同时搜索高价值目标并收集所谓的"公开获取信息"，甚至参与影响和操纵社交媒体的活动。数以百计的人为国家安全局工作，但在过去五年中，每个军事情报和特种作战单位都发展了某种"网络"行动小组，既收集情报，又倾向于其活动的业务安全。

“In the electronic era, a major task of signature reduction is keeping all of the organizations and people, even the automobiles and aircraft involved in the clandestine operations, masked. This protective effort entails everything from scrubbing the Internet of telltale signs of true identities to planting false information to protect missions and people。 As standard unforgettable identification and biometrics have become worldwide norms, the signature reduction industry also works to figure out ways of spoofing and defeating everything from fingerprinting and facial recognition at border crossings, to ensuring that undercover operatives can enter and operate in the United States, manipulating official records to ensure that false identities match up.

"在电子时代，减少签名的主要任务是让所有组织和人员，甚至参与秘密行动的汽车和飞机隐匿痕迹。这种保护努力涉及一切，从清除互联网的真实身份迹象，种植虚假信息，以保护特派团和辅助人员。随着标准令人难忘的识别和生物识别已成为世界性的规范，签名减少行业还努力找出欺骗和击败一切的方法，从指纹和面部识别在边境口岸，以确保卧底特工可以进入和操作在美国，操纵官方记录，以确保假身份匹配。

“Just as biometrics and ‘Real ID’ are the enemies of clandestine work, so too is the ‘digital exhaust’ of online life. One major concern of counter-terrorism work in the ISIS age is that military families are also vulnerable — another reason, participants say, to operate under false identities. The abundance of online information about individuals (together with some spectacular foreign hacks) has enabled foreign intelligence services to better unmask fake identities of American spies.Signature reduction is thus at the center of not only counter-terrorism but is part of the Pentagon’s shift towards great power competition with Russia and China — competition, influence, and disruption ‘below the level of armed conflict,’ or what the military calls warfare in the ‘Gray Zone,’ a space “in the peace-conflict continuum.”

"正如生物识别和'真实身份证明'是秘密工作的敌人一样，在线生活的'数字尾气'也是如此。ISIS时代反恐工作的一个主要担忧是，军人家庭也容易受到伤害——参与者说，另一个原因是以假身份行动。大量有关个人的在线信息（以及一些壮观的外国黑客）使外国情报机构能够更好地揭开美国间谍的假身份。因此，减少签名不仅是反恐的核心，也是五角大楼转向与俄罗斯和中国进行大国竞争的一部分——竞争、影响和破坏"低于武装冲突水平"，或者军方称之为"灰色地带"的战争，这是"和平冲突连接线的空间"。

“One recently retired senior officer responsible for overseeing signature reduction and super-secret ‘special access programs’ that shield them from scrutiny and compromise says that no one is fully aware of the extent of the program, nor has much consideration been given to the implications for the military institution. ‘Everything from the status of the Geneva Conventions — were a soldier operating under false identity to be captured by an enemy—to Congressional oversight is problematic,’ he says. He worries that the desire to become more invisible to the enemy not just obscures what the United States is doing around the world but also makes it more difficult to bring conflicts to a close。‘Most people haven’t even heard of the term signature reduction let alone what it creates,’ he says. The officer spoke on condition of anonymity because he is discussing highly classified matters.”

"一位最近退休的高级军官负责监督减少签名和保护他们不受审查和妥协的超机密'特殊准入计划'，他说，没有人完全了解该计划的范围，也没有过多地考虑对军事机构的影响。他说，从日内瓦四公约的地位——一个以假身份作战的士兵被敌人俘虏——到国会的监督，一切都是有问题的。他担心，希望对敌人更加看不见，这不仅掩盖了美国在世界各地的所作所为，而且使结束冲突变得更加困难。他说，大多数人甚至都没听说过"签名减少"这个词，更别提它创造了什么了。这名军官不愿透露姓名，因为他正在讨论高度机密的问题。

下面是一个参加过项目退休人员的披露：

The secret life of Jonathan Darby

乔纳森·达比的秘密生活

It said: 

“Every morning at 10:00 a.m., Jonathan Darby embarks on his weekly rounds of mail call. Darby is not his real name, but it is also not the fake name on his Missouri driver’s license that he uses to conduct his work. And the government car he drives, one of a fleet of over 200,000 federal vehicles owned by the General Services Administration,is also not registered in his real or his fake name, and nor are his magnetically attached Maryland state license plates really for his car, nor are they traceable back to him or his organization. Where Darby works and the locations he visits are also classified.

他说： 

"每天早上10点.m，乔纳森·达比开始每周的邮寄电话。达比不是他的真名，但也不是他用来进行工作的密苏里州驾照上的假名。他驾驶的政府汽车是总务局拥有的20多万辆联邦车辆之一，也没有登记在他的真实或假名，也没有他的磁性附加马里兰州牌照真的为他的汽车，也不是可以追溯到他或他的组织。达比的工作地点和他所访问的位置也被分类。

“Darby’s retired from the Army, and he asks that neither his real nor his cover name be used. He served for 20 years in counterintelligence, including two African assignments where he operated in low profile in Ethiopia and Sudan, masquerading as an expat businessman. Now he works for a Maryland-based signature reduction contractor that he asked Newsweek not to identify.

"达比已经从军队退役了，他要求不要使用他的真名和封面名字。他在反情报领域工作了20年，包括两次非洲任务，在埃塞俄比亚和苏丹低调经营，伪装成外籍商人。现在，他为马里兰州的一家签名减少承包商工作，他要求《新闻周刊》不要透露身份。

As Darby makes his rounds to some 40 or so post offices and storefront mailbox stores in the DC Metropolitan area, he picks up a trunk full of letters and packages, mailing a similar number from rural addresses. Back at the office, he sorts through the take, delivering bills to the finance people and processing dozens of personal and business letters mailed from scores of overseas locations. But his main task is logging and forwarding the signature reduction ‘mechanisms’ as they are called, passports and State driver’s licenses for people who don’t exist, and other papers — bills, tax documents, organization membership cards — that form the foundation of fake identities.

当达比前往华盛顿特区约40家左右的邮局和店面邮箱商店时，他拿起一个装满信件和包裹的行李箱，从农村地址寄出类似的号码。回到办公室后，他整理了账单，给金融界人士寄了账单，处理了数十封从海外几十个地方寄来的个人和商务信件。但他的主要任务是记录和转发签名减少"机制"，因为他们被称为，护照和国家驾驶执照的人不存在，和其他文件 - 法案，税务文件，组织会员卡 - 构成假身份的基础。

To register and double-check the authenticity of his daily take, Darby logs into two databases, one the Travel and Identity Document database, the intelligence community’s repository of examples of 300,000 genuine, counterfeit and altered foreign passports and visas; and the other the Cover Acquisition Management System, a super-secret register of false identities where the ‘mechanisms’ used by clandestine operators are logged.  For false identities traveling overseas, Darby and his colleagues also have to alter databases of U.S. immigration and customs to ensure that those performing illicit activities can return to the United States unmolested.

为了登记和仔细检查他每天拍摄的真实性，达比登录了两个数据库，一个是旅行和身份证明文件数据库，情报界储存了 300000 份真实、伪造和篡改的外国护照和签证：另一种是封面收购管理系统，一个记录秘密运营商使用的"机制"的虚假身份的超级秘密登记册。对于出国旅行的假身份，达比和他的同事还必须更改美国移民和海关数据库，以确保从事非法活动的人能够不受骚扰地返回美国。

“For identity verification, Darby’s unit works with secret offices at Homeland Security and the State Department as well as almost all 50 states in enrolling authentic ‘mechanisms’ under false names. A rare picture into this world came in April 2013 when an enterprising reporter at Northwest Public Broadcasting did a story suggesting the scale of this secret program. His report revealed that the state of Washington alone had provided hundreds of valid state driver licenses in fictitious names to the federal government. The existence of the ‘confidential driver license program,’ as it was called, was unknown even to the governor.

"在身份验证方面，达比的部门与国土安全部和国务院的秘密办公室以及几乎所有 50 个州合作，以假名注册真实的"机制"。2013 年 4 月，西北公共广播公司的一位有好奇心的记者做了一个故事，暗示了这个秘密节目的规模。他的报告显示，仅华盛顿州就以虚构的名义向联邦政府提供了数百份有效的州驾照。所谓的"机密驾驶执照计划"的存在，甚至对州长都不得而知。

“Before the Internet, Darby says — before a local cop or a border guard was connected to central databases in real time—all an operative needed to be ‘undercover’ was an ID with a genuine photo. These days, however, especially for those operating under deep cover, the so-called ‘legend’ behind an identity has to match more than just a made-up name. Darby calls it ‘due diligence’: the creation of this trail of fake existence. Fake birthplaces and home addresses have to be carefully researched, fake email lives and social media accounts have to be created. And those existences need to have corresponding ‘friends.’ Almost every individual unit that operates clandestinely — special operations, intelligence collections, or cyber — has a signature reduction section, mostly operated by small contractors, conducting due diligence. There they adhere to what Darby calls the six principles of signature reduction: credibility, compatibility, realism, supportability, verity and compliance.

"在互联网出现之前，达比说——在当地警察或边防人员实时连接到中央数据库之前——所有需要'卧底'的特工都是一张有真实照片的身份证。然而，如今，尤其是对于那些在深度掩护下运作的人来说，身份背后的所谓"传奇"必须与一个假名相匹配。达比称之为"尽职调查"：创造这种虚假存在的痕迹。必须仔细研究假出生地和家庭住址，必须创建虚假的电子邮件生活和社交媒体帐户。这些存在需要有相应的"朋友"。几乎每个秘密运作的单位——特别行动、情报收集或网络——都有一个签名减少部分，大部分由小型承包商经营，进行尽职调查。在那里，他们坚持达比所说的减少签名的六项原则：可信度、兼容性、现实性、支持性、真实性和合规性。

“Compliance is a big one, Darby says, especially because of the world that 9/11 created, where checkpoints are common and nefarious activity is more closely scrutinized. To keep someone covert for real, and to do so for any period of time, requires a time consuming dance that not only has to tend to someone’s operational identity but also maintain their real life back home.As Darby explains it, this includes clandestine bill paying but also working with banks and credit card security departments to look the other way as they search for identity fraud or money laundering. And then, signature reduction technicians need to ensure that real credit scores are maintained — and even real taxes and Social Security payments are kept up to date — so that people can go back to their dormant lives when their signature reduction assignments cease.

达比说："遵守是一件大事，特别是因为911影响了世界，检查站很常见，邪恶的活动也更加严格地受到严格审查。要让某人保持真实的秘密，并为此在任何时间段内保持秘密，需要一种耗时的舞蹈，不仅要照顾某人的操作身份，还要保持他们回到家乡的现实生活。正如 达比所解释的，这包括秘密支付账单，但也与银行和信用卡安全部门合作，在搜索身份欺诈或洗钱时寻找相反的方式。然后，签名减少技术人员需要确保保持真正的信用评分，甚至真正的税收和社会保障付款保持最新-这样人们就可以回到他们的休眠生活时，他们的签名减少任务停止。

“Darby’s unit, originally called the Operational Planning and Travel Intelligence Center, is responsible for overseeing much of this (and to do so it operates the Pentagon’s largest military finance office), but documentation — as important as it is — is only one piece of the puzzle. Other organizations are responsible for designing and manufacturing the custom disguises and ‘biometric defeat’ elements to facilitate travel. Darby says this is where all the Special Access Programs are. SAPs, the most secret category of government information, protect the methods used — and the clandestine capabilities that exist—to manipulate foreign systems to get around seemingly foolproof safeguards including fingerprinting and facial recognition.”

"达比的部门最初称为作战规划和旅行情报中心，负责监督其中的大部分工作（并因此运营五角大楼最大的军事财务办公室），但文件——尽管它很重要——只是其中的一个难题。其他组织负责设计和制造定制伪装和"生物识别失败"元素，以方便旅行。达比说，这是所有特殊访问计划的地方。SAP是政府信息中最机密的类别，它保护使用的方法，以及存在的秘密能力，以操纵外国系统绕过看似万无一失的防护措施，包括指纹识别和面部识别。

Signature reduction’ is a term of art

签名减少'是一种艺术！

It added:

“Numerous signature reduction SAPs, programs with names like Hurricane Fan, Island Hopper and Peanut Chocolate, are administered by a shadowy world of secret organizations that service the clandestine army — the Defense Programs Support Activity, Joint Field Support Center, Army Field Support Center, Personnel Resources Development Office, Office of Military Support, Project Cardinals, and the Special Program Office.

他补充说：

"许多签名减少SAP，像飓风风扇，岛屿漏斗和花生巧克力的名字，是由一个秘密组织，服务秘密军队的阴暗世界管理 - 国防计划支持活动，联合野战支援中心，陆军野战支援中心，人力资源开发办公室，军事支持办公室，项目红衣主教，和特别方案办公室。

“Befitting how secret this world is, there is no unclassified definition of signature reduction. The Defense Intelligence Agency — which operates the Defense Clandestine Service and the Defense Cover Office—says that signature reduction is a term of art, one that ‘individuals might use to … describe operational security (OPSEC) measures for a variety of activities and operations.’In response to Newsweek queries that point out that dozens of people have used the term to refer to this world, DIA suggests that perhaps the Pentagon can help. But the responsible person there, identified as a DOD spokesperson, says only that ‘as it relates to HUMINT operations’ — meaning human intelligence — signature reduction ‘is not an official term’ and that it is used to describe ‘measures taken to protect operations.’

"根据这个世界的秘密程度，没有关于减少签名的未分类定义。负责国防秘密服务和国防掩护办公室的国防情报局说，减少签名是一个艺术术语，个人可能用来...描述各种活动和操作的运营安全 （OPSEC） 措施。在回答《新闻周刊》的提问时指出，有数十人使用这个词来指代这个世界，DIA建议五角大楼或许可以提供帮助。但该负责人被确定为国防部发言人，他只表示，"因为它与HUMINT行动有关"——意思是人类智慧——签名减少"不是官方术语"，它被用来描述"为保护行动而采取的措施"。

Another senior former intelligence official, someone who ran an entire agency and asks not to be named because he is not authorized to speak about clandestine operations, says that signature reduction exists in a ‘twilight’ between covert and undercover. The former, defined in law, is subject to presidential approval and officially belongs to the CIA’s National Clandestine Service. The latter connotes strictly law enforcement efforts undertaken by people with a badge. And then there is the Witness Protection Program, administered by the U.S. Marshals Service of the Justice Department, which tends to the fake identities and lives of people who have been resettled in exchange for their cooperation with prosecutors and intelligence agencies.

另一位前高级情报官员说，在秘密和卧底之间的"暮光之城"中，签名的减少存在于秘密和卧底之间。前者在法律中定义，须经总统批准，正式属于中情局的国家秘密服务。后者表示佩戴徽章的人进行的严格执法努力。然后是证人保护计划，由美国司法部元帅服务处管理，该计划倾向于假身份和被重新安置的人的生活，以换取他们与检察官和情报机构的合作。

“The military doesn’t conduct covert operations, the senior former official says, and military personnel don’t fight undercover. That is, except when they do, either because individuals are assigned —  ‘sheep dipped’ — to the CIA, or because certain military organizations, particularly those of the Joint Special Operations Command, operate like the CIA, often alongside them in covert status, where people who depend on each other for their lives don’t know each other’s real names. Then there are an increasing number of government investigators — military, FBI, homeland security and even state officials — who are not undercover per se but who avail themselves of signature reduction status like fake IDs and fake license plates when they work domestically, particularly when they are engaged in extreme vetting of American citizens of Arab, South Asian, and increasingly African background, who have applied for security clearances.”

这位前高级官员说："军方不进行秘密行动，军事人员也不与卧底作战。即，除非他们这样做，要么是因为个人被分配到中央情报局——"羊浸"——或者因为某些军事组织，特别是联合特别行动司令部的军事组织，像中情局一样运作，往往与他们并肩作战，在那里，那些一生互相依赖的人不知道对方的真实姓名。此外，越来越多的政府调查人员——军方、联邦调查局、国土安全部甚至州政府官员——本身不是卧底，而是在国内工作时利用假身份证和假车牌等签名减少身份，尤其是当他们对阿拉伯、南亚和日益非洲背景的美国公民进行极端审查时，谁已经申请了安全许可。

‘Get Smart’? 

The Newsweek report said:

"变得聪明"？ 

新闻周刊报道说：

“In May 2013, in an almost comical incident more reminiscent of ‘Get Smart’ than skilled spying, Moscow ordered a U.S. embassy ‘third secretary’ by the name of Ryan Fogle to leave the country, releasing photos of Fogle wearing an ill-fitting blond wig and carrying an odd collection of seemingly amateurish paraphernalia — four pairs of sunglasses, a street map, a compass, a flashlight, a Swiss Army knife and a cell phone — so old, one article said, it looked like it had ‘been on this earth for at least a decade.’

"2013 年 5 月，在一次几乎滑稽的事件中，莫斯科命令一位名叫 Ryan Fogle 的美国大使馆"三等秘书"离开俄罗斯，公布福格尔戴着不合身的金发假发的照片，并携带了一组看似业余的用具——四副太阳镜、一张街道地图指南针、手电筒、瑞士军刀和手机——一篇文章说，它看上去已经"在这个地球上至少十年了"。

“The international news media had a field day, many retired CIA people decrying the decline of tradecraft, most of the commentary opining how we’d moved on from the old world of wigs and fake rocks, a reference to Great Britain admitting just a year earlier that indeed it was the owner of a fake rock and its hidden communications device, another discovery of Russian intelligence in Moscow.

"国际新闻媒体有一个现场的一天，许多退休的中情局人员谴责贸易的衰落，大多数评论评论认为，我们是如何从假发和假石的旧世界，提到英国承认，就在一年前，它确实是一个假岩石的主人及其隐藏的通信设备，在莫斯科又发现了俄罗斯情报。

“Six years later, another espionage case hit the news, this time when a jury sent former American military intelligence officer Kevin Patrick Mallory to 20 years in prison for conspiring to sell secrets to China. There was nothing particularly unique about the Mallory case, the prosecution making its own show of presenting the jury with a collection of wigs and fake mustaches looking like Halloween costumes, the whole thing seemingly another funny episode of clumsy disguise.

"六年后，又一起间谍案成为新闻，这次陪审团以密谋向中国出售机密罪判处前美国军事情报官员凯文·帕特里克·马洛里20年监禁。马洛里案没有什么特别独特的，检方自己向陪审团展示一系列假发和假胡子，看起来像万圣节服装，整个事情似乎是另一个有趣的情节笨拙的伪装。

“And yet, says Brenda Connolly (not her real name), one would be naïve to laugh too hard, for both cases provide a peek into the new tricks of the trade and the extreme secrecy that hides them. Connolly started her engineering career at the Directorate of Science and Technology at the CIA and now works for a small defense contractor that produces the gizmos — think ‘Q’ in the James Bond movies, she says — for signature reduction operations.

"然而，布伦达·康诺利（不是她的真名）说，"如果笑得太厉害，那就太天真了，因为这两种情况都提供了对交易新技巧和隐藏这些技巧的极端保密的窥探。康诺利在中情局科技局开始她的工程生涯，现在为一家小型国防承包商工作，该承包商生产小玩意儿——她说，詹姆斯·邦德电影中的"Q"，用于签名减少操作。

That ‘ancient’ Nokia phone carried by Ryan Fogle, she says, was nothing of the sort, the innocuous outsides concealing what she calls a ‘covert communications’ device inside. Similarly, entered in evidence in Mallory case was a Samsung phone given to him by Chinese intelligence that was so sophisticated that even when the FBI cloned it electronically, they could not find a hidden partition used to store secrets and one that Mallory ultimately had to reveal to them.

她说，瑞安·福格尔携带的这款"古老"诺基亚手机不是那种，无害的外部隐藏着她所谓的"秘密通信"设备。同样，在马洛里案中输入的证据是中国情报部门送给他的一部三星手机，它非常复杂，即使FBI以电子方式克隆了它，他们也找不到用来存储秘密的隐藏隔板，而马洛里最终不得不向他们透露。

Lost in the spy-vs-spy theater of both cases were other clues of modern signature reduction, Connolly says. Fogle also carried an RFID shield, a radio frequency identification blocking pouch intended to prevent electronic tracking. And Mallory had vials of fake blood provided by China; Connolly would not reveal what it would be used for.

康诺利说，在这两起案件中，迷失在间谍与间谍的剧场里，是现代签名减少的其他线索。瑞安·福格尔还携带了一个RFID防护罩，一个射频识别阻塞袋，旨在防止电子跟踪。马洛里有中国提供的假血瓶：康诺利不愿透露它将被用于什么。

“Like many people in this world, Connolly is a connoisseur and curator. She can talk for hours about the broadcasts that used to go out from the Soviet Union — but also were transmitted from Warrenton, Virginia — female voices reciting random numbers and passages from books that agents around the world would pick up on their shortwave radios and match to prearranged codes.

"和世界上许多人一样，康诺利是一位鉴赏家和策展人。她可以谈论几个小时的广播，这些广播过去是从苏联传出的，但也从弗吉尼亚州的沃伦顿传来，女性的声音背诵着随机数和书中的段落，世界各地的特工会拿起他们的短波收音机，与预先安排好的代码相匹配。

“But then Internet cafes and online backdoors became the clandestine channels of choice for covert communications, largely replacing shortwave — until the surveillance technologies (especially in autocratic countries) caught up and intelligence agencies acquired an ability not only to detect and intercept internet activity but also to intercept every keystroke of activity on a remote keyboard. That ushered in today’s world of covert communications or COVCOMM, as insiders call it.

但随后，网吧和在线后门成为秘密通信的首选秘密渠道，基本上取代了短波——直到监控技术（尤其是在专制国家）被追上，情报机构不仅获得了检测和拦截互联网活动的能力，还能够拦截远程键盘上活动的每一个击键。正如内部人士所称的，这开创了当今秘密通信或COVCOMM的世界。

These are very special encryption devices seen in the Fogle and Mallory cases, but also dozens of different “burst mode” transmitters and receivers secreted in everyday objects like fake rocks. All an agent or operator needs to activate communications with these COVCOMMs in some cases is to simply walk by a target receiver (a building or fake rock) and the clandestine messages are encrypted and transmitted back to special watch centers.

这些都是非常特殊的加密设备，在瑞安·福格尔和马洛里的情况下看到，但也有几十个不同的"爆裂模式"发射器和接收器分泌在日常物品，如假岩石。在某些情况下，所有代理或操作员需要激活与这些 COVCOMM 的通信，只需通过目标接收器（建筑物或假岩石）行走，秘密消息将被加密并传回特殊监视中心。

‘And who do you think implants those devices?’ Connolly asks rhetorically. ‘Military guys, special ops guys working to support even more secretive operations.’ Connolly talks about heated fabrics that make soldiers invisible to thermal detection, electric motorcycles that can silently operate in the roughest terrain, even how tens of feet of wires are sown into ‘native’ clothing, the South Asian shalwar kameez, the soldiers themselves then becoming walking receivers, able to intercept nearby low-power radios and even cell phone signals.”

你认为谁会植入这些设备？康诺利修辞地问道。"军人，特别行动人员，努力支持更隐秘的行动。康诺利谈到加热织物，使士兵看不见热检测，电动摩托车，可以默默地在最粗糙的地形操作，甚至几十英尺长的电线都播入了"本土"服装，南亚的沙尔瓦·卡梅兹，士兵们自己也成了行走的接收器，能够拦截附近的低功率收音机，甚至手机信号。

Fake hands, fake faces 

It said: 

“Wigs. Covert communications devices. Fake rocks. In our world of electronic everything, where everything becomes a matter of record, where you can’t enter a parking garage without the license plate being recorded, where you can’t check in for a flight or a hotel without a government issued ID, where you can’t use a credit card without the location being captured, how can biometrics can be defeated? How can someone get past fingerprint readers?

假手，假脸 

它说： 

"假发。秘密通信设备。假石头在我们的电子世界里，一切都成了记录问题，没有车牌，你就不能进入停车场，没有政府颁发的身份证，你就不能办理航班或旅馆的登机手续，在没有捕获位置的情况下，你不能使用信用卡，生物识别技术怎么能被打败呢？如何让某人通过指纹读取器？

“In 99 out of 100 cases, the answer is: there is no need to. Most signature reduction soldiers travel under real names, exchanging operational identities only once on the ground where they operate. Or they infiltrate across borders in places like Pakistan and Yemen, conducting the most dangerous missions. These signature reduction missions are the most highly sensitive and involve ‘close in’ intelligence collection or the use of miniaturized enemy tracking devices, each existing in their own special access programs — missions that are so sensitive they have to be personally approved by the Secretary of Defense.

"在 100 个案例中的 99 个案例中，答案是：没有必要。大多数签名减少士兵以实名旅行，只交换一次行动身份，在他们行动的地面上。或者他们越境渗透到巴基斯坦和也门等地，执行最危险的任务。这些签名减少任务是最敏感的，涉及"密切"情报收集或使用小型敌方跟踪设备，每个设备都存在于他们自己的特殊访问计划中——这些任务非常敏感，必须得到国防部长亲自批准。

“For the one percent, though, for those who have to make it through passport control under false identities, there are various biometrics defeat systems, some physical and some electronic. One such program was alluded to in a little noticed document dump published by Wikileaks in early 2017 and called ‘Vault 7’: over 8,000 classified CIA tools used in the covert world of electronic spying and hacking. It is called ExpressLane, where U.S. intelligence has embedded malware into foreign biometrics and watchlist systems, allowing American cyber spies to steal foreign data.

然而，对于 1% 的人来说，对于那些必须以虚假身份通过护照检查的人来说，有各种生物识别系统，有些是物理的，有些是电子的。维基解密（Wikileaks）在2017年初发布的一份名为"Vault 7"的文件转储中提到了这样一个程序：在电子间谍和黑客的秘密世界中，中情局使用了8000多件机密工具。它被称为快车，美国情报部门将恶意软件嵌入到外国生物识别和监视列表系统中，允许美国网络间谍窃取外国数据。

An IT wizard working for Wikileaks in Berlin says the code with ExpressLane suggests that the United States can manipulate these databases. ‘Imagine for a moment that someone is going through passport control,’ he says, hesitant to use his real name because of fear of indictment in the United States. ‘NSA or the CIA is tasked to corrupt — change — the data on the day the covert asset goes through. And then switch it back. It’s not impossible.’

一位在柏林为维基解密工作的IT向导说，快车的代码表明美国可以操纵这些数据库。他说，想象一下，有人正在通过护照检查，因为害怕在美国被起诉，他犹豫着要使用他的真名。国家安全局或中央情报局的任务是侵蚀——改变——秘密资产通过当天的数据。然后将其切换回。这不是不可能的。

Another source pointed to a small rural North Carolina company in the signature reduction industry, mostly in the clandestine collection and communications field. In the workshop and training facility where they teach operators how to fabricate secret listening devices into everyday objects, they are at the cutting edge, or so their promotional materials say, a repository for molding and casting, special painting, and sophisticated aging techniques.

另一位消息人士指出，北卡罗来纳州一家小型农村公司在招牌减少行业，大多在秘密收集和通信领域。在车间和培训设施中，他们教操作员如何将秘密监听设备制作成日常物品，他们处于最前沿，或者他们的宣传材料说，这是成型和铸造、特殊绘画和复杂老化技术的存储库。

“This quiet company can transform any object, including a person, as they do in Hollywood, a ‘silicon face appliance’ sculpted to perfectly alter someone’s looks. They can age, change gender, and ‘increase body mass,’ as one classified contract says. And they can change fingerprints using a silicon sleeve that so snugly fits over a real hand it cannot be detected, embedding altered fingerprints and even impregnated with the oils found in real skin. Asked whether the appliance is effective, one source, who has gone through the training, laughs. ‘If I tell you, I’ll have to kill you.’

"这家安静的公司可以像在好莱坞那样改造任何物体，包括一个人，这是一种"硅面电器"，旨在完美地改变某人的容貌。正如一份机密合同所说，他们可以变老、改变性别和"增加体重"。而且，它们可以使用硅套更换指纹，这种套管非常贴合真手，无法检测到，嵌入了改变的指纹，甚至浸渍在真皮上的油。当被问及该产品是否有效时，一位经历过培训的消息人士笑了。"如果我告诉你，我将不得不杀了你。

“In real life, identity theft (mostly by criminals’ intent on profit) remains an epidemic that affects everyone, but for those in the intelligence and counter-terrorism worlds, the enemy is also actively engaged in efforts to compromise personal information. In 2015, the Islamic State posted the names, photos and addresses of over 1,300 U.S. military personnel, instructing supporters to target and kill the identified individuals.  The FBI said that the release was followed by suspected Russian hackers who masqueraded as members of ISIS and threatened military families through Facebook. ‘We know everything about you, your husband and your children,’ one menacing message said.

"在现实生活中，身份盗窃（主要是犯罪分子的牟利意图）仍然是影响所有人的流行病，但对于情报和反恐领域的人员来说，敌人也积极参与了泄露个人信息的努力。2015年，伊斯兰国公布了1300多名美国军事人员的姓名、照片和地址，指示支持者以目标为目标，杀死被确认的个人。FBI说，释放后，俄罗斯黑客嫌疑人伪装成ISIS成员，并通过Facebook威胁军人家庭。"我们知道关于你，你的丈夫和你的孩子的一切，"一个威胁性的消息说。

“Counterintelligence and OPSEC officials began a large-scale effort to inform those affected but also to warn military personnel and their families to better protect their personal information on social media. The next year, ISIS released 8,318 target names: the largest-ever release until it was topped by 8,785 names in 2017.。

"反情报和OPSEC官员开始大规模努力通知受影响者，但也警告军事人员及其家属更好地保护他们在社交媒体上的个人信息。第二年，ISIS 发布了 8，318 个目标名称：这是有史以来发布最多的一次，直到 2017 年达到 8，785 个目标名称。

“It was revealed that military personnel sharing location information in their fitness devices were apparently revealing the locations of sensitive operations merely by jogging and sharing their data. ‘The rapid development of new and innovative information technologies enhances the quality of our lives but also poses potential challenges to operational security and force protection,’ U.S. Central Command said in a statement at the time to the Washington Post.

据透露，军事人员在其健身设备中共享位置信息，显然只是通过慢跑和共享数据来揭示敏感行动的位置。美国中央司令部当时在给《华盛顿邮报》的一份声明中说，创新信息技术的迅速发展提高了我们的生活质量，但也对作战安全和部队保护提出了潜在挑战。

“Then came the DNA scare, when Adm. John Richardson, then chief of naval operations, warned military personnel and their families to stop using at-home ancestry DNA test kits. ‘Be careful who you send your DNA to,’ Richardson said, warning that scientific advancements would be able to exploit the information, creating more and more targeted biological weapons in the future. And indeed in 2019, the Pentagon officially advised military personnel to steer clear of popular DNA services. ‘Exposing sensitive genetic information to outside parties poses personal and operational risks to Service members,’ said the memo, first reported by Yahoo news.

"然后是DNA恐慌，当时海军作战司令约翰·理查森上将警告军事人员及其家属停止使用家庭祖先DNA测试包。理查森说，小心你把DNA寄给谁，他警告说，科学进步将能够利用这些信息，在未来制造出越来越多的有针对性的生物武器。事实上，在2019年，五角大楼正式建议军事人员避开流行的DNA服务。（我们还有专业机构大规模对外输出数据）这份备忘录首先由雅虎新闻报道，这份备忘录说，向外界泄露敏感的遗传信息给服务人员带来个人和运营风险。

“‘We’re still in the infancy of our transparent world,’ says the retired senior officer, cautioning against imagining that there is some ‘identity gap’ similar to the ‘bomber gap’ of the Cold War. ‘We’re winning this war, including on the cyber side, even if secrecy about what we are doing makes the media portrayal of the Russians again look like they are ten feet tall.’

这位退休高级军官说，"我们仍处于透明世界的萌芽阶段，"他告诫说，不要想象存在一些类似于冷战"轰炸机差距"的"身份差距"。我们正在赢得这场战争，包括在网络方面，即使对我们的所作所为保密，媒体对俄罗斯人的描绘看起来十分高明。"

“He admits that processing big data in the future will likely further impinge on everyone’s clandestine operations, but he says the benefits to society, even narrowly in just making terrorist activity and travel that much more difficult, outweigh the difficulties created for military operational security. The officer calls the secrecy legitimate but says that the Defense Department leadership has dropped the ball in recognizing the big picture. The military services should be asking more questions about the ethics, propriety and even legality of soldiers being turned into spies and assassins, and what this means for the future.

"他承认，未来处理大数据可能会进一步影响每个人的秘密行动，但他表示，对社会的好处，即使只是使恐怖活动和旅行更加困难，也远远大于为军事行动安全造成的困难。这名军官称保密是合法的，但表示国防部领导层已经放弃了对大局的承认。军队应该问更多的问题，关于士兵变成间谍和刺客的道德，礼节，甚至合法性，以及这对未来意味着什么。

“Still, the world of signature reduction keeps growing: evidence, says the retired officer, that modern life is not as transparent as most of us think.”

"尽管如此，签名减少的世界还在不断增加：这位退休军官说，有证据表明，现代生活并不像我们大多数人想象的那么透明。”

以上是报告全文！

他们既有军人身份，也有平民身份；既在现实中活动，又在网络中兴风作浪；他们的主要目标是中国和俄罗斯……

这支秘密部队，

不受军方监督部门审查；

不接受国会听证；

不受日内瓦国际公约限制；

不受军事伦理约束和问责！

一句话形容就是：完全无法无天！

有几点我们是可以明确的：

一是美军无所不用其极，别把他们想得太好；

二是不少美国公司在密切配合美军作恶，中国更应该出台涉军企业禁入令；

三是网络安全要重视，大数据大有潜力可挖；

四是在舆论战和网络能力建设上，需要更多投入，战争的本质是对意志的征服，最近已有报告人类活动将50%在线上活动；

五是生物基因领域，种族基因和重要人物基因，核心要害人员基因要开始列入保护范畴。

百年前所未有之大变局，我们的思维方式也需要变！

有话说请点留言板