CRISPR/CAS9基因编辑技术发明人张锋:呼吁立刻暂停基因编辑婴儿!
本文编译自MIT Technology Review,原作者 Antonio Regalado
熟悉基因编辑技术的人对这个华裔男子并不陌生。他是张锋,华裔移民,是CRISPR/CAS9基因编辑技术的发明者之一。2013年,他首先在人类细胞上实现了以CRISPR/CAS9技术为基础的基因编辑,从此这个技术一飞冲天,直至今日。
张锋目前是哈佛-麻省下属的博德研究所(broad institute)成员。在获悉中国科学家声称完成了首例基因编辑婴儿的消息后,他表示,“鉴于如今该技术发展的实际情况,我偏向于暂停植入经编辑胚胎的行为。”
中国科学家此次在基因编辑的胚胎中修改了CCR5基因,据称这样做能够使人对HIV病毒产生抗性。这项工作并未在事先向学界和公众公开,而生物学专家和医学专家则普遍质疑它的必要性和安全性。
张锋说,这个实验的风险显然压过了它能带来的益处,并且,他对于这次的项目是秘密进行这一点十分关心(deeply concerned)。而当前主要的学术团体,包括美国科学院,均认为类似的基因修饰只能在严格的安全条件和监督之下进行。
和此次新闻的主角贺建奎一样,张锋也将前往在香港举行的第二届基因编辑大会,在临行前,他建议彻底暂停类似的“医疗行为”。
以下是张锋的声明全文及翻译:
Although I appreciate the global threat posed by HIV, at this stage, the risks of editing embryos to knock out CCR5 seem to outweigh the potential benefits, not to mention that knocking out of CCR5 will likely render a person much more susceptible for West Nile Virus. Just as important, there are already common and highly-effective methods to prevent transmission of HIV from a parent to an unborn child.
尽管我注意到全球都在受到艾滋病毒的威胁,但就目前而言,在胚胎中进行基因编辑以敲除CCR5所带来的风险已经压倒了它所具有的潜在利益,更不用说这样做将导致受术者对西尼罗病毒产生易感性。同样重要的是,目前已经有普遍应用的高效母婴阻断技术。
Given the current state of the technology, I’m in favor of a moratorium on implantation of edited embryos, which seems to be the intention of the CCR5 trial, until we have come up with a thoughtful set of safety requirements first.
鉴于现如今的技术发展情况,我偏向于暂停植入经编辑的胚胎,也就是此次所尝试的CCR5,直到我们对它的安全性需求有了一个深思熟虑的结果。
Not only do I see this as risky, but I am also deeply concerned about the lack of transparency surrounding this trial. All medical advances, gene editing or otherwise and particularly those that impact vulnerable populations, should be cautiously and thoughtfully tested, discussed openly with patients, physicians, scientists, and other community members, and implemented in an equitable way.
除了风险之外,我对于这次尝试的透明度不足也感到十分关切。所有的医学进步,不论是基因编辑还是其他影响到弱势群体的技术,都应该首先公开的与病人,医生,科学家以及其他团体成员一起进行慎重的考量,并且以公平公正的方式执行。
In 2015, the international research community said it would be irresponsible to proceed with any germline editing without “broad societal consensus about the appropriateness of the proposed application.” (This was the consensus statement from the 2015 International Summit on Human Gene Editing.)
2015年,国际研究社区曾有过这样的观点,他们认为对生殖细胞进行可遗传的基因编辑应该首先得到社会的广泛一致认可,否则就是一种不负责任的行为。
It is my hope that the upcoming summit will serve as a forum for deeper conversations about the implications of this news and provide guidance on how we as a global society can best benefit from gene editing.
我希望即将到来的峰会(即此次香港峰会)能够对这则新闻的含义进行深刻的交流和对话,并对人类社会该如何从基因编辑中受益提供指导作用。